Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Virulent Strains of Rhodococcus equi Isolated From Foals and Soil of Horse Breeding Farms With and Without Endemic Infections

Kalinowski, M.; Jarosz, Łukasz; Grądzki, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103114

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In Texas and Florida, the overall prevalence of macrolide‐ and rifampicin‐resistant isolates between 1997 and 2008 was 4%, with most resistant isolates detected after 2001. The occurrence of multidrug‐resistant strains has also been reported in China (Giguère et al., 2017 ) and in Europe, with increasing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for rifampicin and erythromycin in isolates from foals retrieved in Ireland in the 1996–2006 period (Buckley et al., 2007 ), and a low (< 10%) prevalence of isolates resistant to either or both antimicrobials in R. equi isolates from horses in France (Duchesne et al., 2019 ) and Poland (Kalinowski et al., 2020 ), and no indication of increase of resistance over time. Prevalence seems to be higher compared to the USA (Álvarez‐Narváez et al., 2021a ), where isolates of R. equi resistant to macrolides and rifampicin have been identified in at least five states.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses

Nielsen¹,

Bicout²,

Calistri³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for horses in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR R. equi can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (10–66% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1 and 2 (Categories A and B; 5–10% and 10–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively), and the AHAW Panel is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3, 4 and 5 (Categories C, D and E; 10–66% probability of meeting the criteria in all three categories). The animal species to be listed for AMR R. equi according to Article 8 criteria are mainly horses and other species belonging to the Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla orders.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses

Nielsen¹,

Bicout²,

Calistri³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…The emergence of Prescottella as a distinct genus, separate from Rhodococcus , has drawn attention due to its adaptability and ecological versatility ( Paterson et al, 2019 ; Kalinowski et al, 2020 ). Phylogenetically distinct from other rhodococci, strains of Prescottella sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…exhibits extraordinary resilience in extreme environments, thriving in diverse settings such as soil, water, and plant ecosystems. Its remarkable adaptability is further demonstrated by its isolation from varied environmental sources, including animal manure and rock cores ( Kalinowski et al, 2020 ; Ivshina et al, 2022 ). In biotechnology, Prescottella exhibits significant potential for synthesizing valuable compounds, including biosurfactants and bioflocculants ( Cappelletti et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete genome sequence of a novel Prescottella sp. R16 isolate from deep-sea sediments in the western Pacific

Ma,

Bai,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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Prescottella, a distinct genus separate from Rhodococcus, has garnered attention for its adaptability and ecological versatility. In this study, a Gram-stain positive and ovoid-rod shaped the actinobacterium strain R16 was isolated from deep-sea sediment (with a depth of 6,310 m) in the Western Pacific. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, average nucleotide identity and phylogenomic analysis, strain R16 clearly represents a novel species within the genus Prescottella. Genomic analyses indicate Prescottella sp. R16 contains a circular chromosome of 4,531,251 bp with an average GC content of 68.9%, 4,208 protein-coding genes, 51 tRNA genes, and 12 rRNA operons. Additionally, four CRISPRs and 24 genomic islands are also identified. The presence of rich categories related to catalytic activity, membrane part and metabolic process highlights their involvement in cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. The genome sequence of strain R16 also revealed the presence of 13 putative biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, including those for ε-Poly-L-lysine, ectoine, heterobactin, isorenieratene and corynecin, suggesting its potential for antibiotic production and warranting further exploration.

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with a mortality rate of 4% 8 . The previous epidemiological data from 12 stud farms in central and eastern Poland estimated the clinical prevalence at 5-10% and the mortality rate at 3-7% 12 . Considerable seasonal variations and very divergent morbidity and mortality in endemic farms are observed.Our study was designed to (i) investigate the progression of rhodococcal pulmonary lesions in foals during the first 4 months of life, (ii) evaluate the relationship between the appearance and presence of rhodococcal pulmonary lesions in LUS examination and the occurrence of respiratory clinical signs, and (iii) evaluate the diagnostic potential of clinical signs in pulmonary rhodococcosis.

Materials and methods

Study populationThe study was carried out during 3 breeding seasons from 2019 to 2021, and foals born on 5 Polish farms (A to E, 4 national studs and one private horse farm) were enrolled.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with a mortality rate of 4% 8 . The previous epidemiological data from 12 stud farms in central and eastern Poland estimated the clinical prevalence at 5-10% and the mortality rate at 3-7% 12 . Considerable seasonal variations and very divergent morbidity and mortality in endemic farms are observed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the relationship between pulmonary lesions based on lung ultrasound and respiratory clinical signs in foals with suspected pulmonary rhodococcosis

Rakowska,

Czopowicz,

Bereznowski

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Rhodococcus equi is a widely recognized bacterium responsible for pneumonia in preweaned foals. On endemic farms, foals with a subclinical course of the disease usually outnumber those presenting clinical signs. The disease is typically chronic and mainly manifests as fever and dyspnoea. Currently, field diagnosis is often based on lung ultrasound (LUS); however, both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches vary among practitioners and considerably change over time. This longitudinal, prospective study was designed to describe the appearance and progression of rhodococcal pulmonary lesions during the first months of life based on LUS and to evaluate the relationship between the presence and severity of rhodococcal pulmonary lesions and the occurrence of respiratory clinical signs in foals from farms with endemic R. equi infections. Nearly 26% of foals demonstrated respiratory signs highly suggestive of pulmonary rhodococcosis, and approximately 70% of the foals had abnormalities detected on LUS without concurrent clinical signs. The appearance and development of LUS abnormalities were age-related. An abscess diameter exceeding 15 mm in LUS and other pleural lesions were significantly linked with the occurrence of clinical signs suggestive of pulmonary rhodococcosis (P < 0.001) and may be considered predictive factors of rhodococcal pneumonia in foals.

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Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Virulent Strains of Rhodococcus equi Isolated From Foals and Soil of Horse Breeding Farms With and Without Endemic Infections

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses

Complete genome sequence of a novel Prescottella sp. R16 isolate from deep-sea sediments in the western Pacific

Investigation of the relationship between pulmonary lesions based on lung ultrasound and respiratory clinical signs in foals with suspected pulmonary rhodococcosis

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