Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to industrial waste water using resistivity measurements. A case study, along El-Gharbyia main drain, Nile Delta, Egypt

A survey of the repository of groundwater potential and distribution using geoelectrical resistivity method in Itu Local Government Area (L.G.A), Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria

“…Generally, comparatively low resistivity values suspected to be due to the conductive argillaceous materials which have no distinctive layers in any of the VES points but their interactions within the near surface layers can be noticed in the geoelectric layers around Odiok Itam and Ntak Inyang communities, where road construction works which involve piling, tunneling, filling, excavation and burying of geomaterials from other geological provinces are dominant. The observed high and thick gravelly content of the overburden layers suggest that the primary porosity will be very high and, consequently, water transmission and percolation into the underlying geologic repository will be at high rate [24]. This condition implies that the underlying aquifer repository is vulnerable to surface contamination due to the seemingly low values of the aquifer longitudinal conductance which will be far less than unity.…”

“…In some VES values, the vertical extent of the gravelly materials is transitional at variable depths by fissures, weathering, joints, fractures, doming, baking and lineaments which impact the sand-clay intra-lithologic sequence secondary porosity [25][26][27]. The development of these structures, which are known to be pathways for the circulation of water in the previously impervious hardened materials, is an indicator of the post-depositional processes that the intra-lithologic argillaceous materials have undergone [24,27,28] .Gowd [27] has also discussed the importance of these secondary structures on the ground water yield in a compacted limestone environment. These structures also serve as important channels for the flow of electrical current if they are filled with conducting fluid like ground water [29].…”

Geophysical Assessment of Vulnerability of Surficial Aquifer in the Oil Producing Localities and Riverine Areas in the Coastal Region of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

“…The environmental impact directly affects groundwater vulnerability through the surface environmental processes that pollute the subsurface water on global scale 23 . Many methods, which depend on hydrogeologic setting are abound for vulnerability assessment.…”

“…Many methods, which depend on hydrogeologic setting are abound for vulnerability assessment. However, the aquifer index of vulnerability is predominantly utilized to examine the susceptibility and vulnerability of groundwater contamination to surface flow 23 . The vulnerability index links the hydraulic resistance C, of unsaturated cap unit to vertical flow of contaminated water through eq.…”

Geoelectrohydraulic parameters of shallow sandy aquifer in Itu, Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) using geoelectric and hydrogeological measurements

“…Derivation of geoelectrohydraulic parameters from measurements of geoelectric and geohydrogeological data provides useful information used in representing and characterising complex hydrogeological environments. This information can be applied to nearly all types of hydrogeological settings with similar parameters and such deductions are robust tools for predicting the migration of the contaminant plumes in aquifer repositories (Singh et al, 2004;Gemail et al, 2011;Okiongbo and Akpofure, 2012;George et al, 2014aGeorge et al, ,b, 2015a.…”