Assessment of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) Accumulation in Different Organs of Commercially Important Fish Species Collected from Chattogram Coastal Region of Bangladesh.

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there are any significant toxic effects of the widely exposed metals on different organs (gill, liver, kidney, and muscle) of some commercially important marine fish species (Herpodon nehereus, Pampus chinensis and Hilsa ilisha).
 Study Design: The collection of the samples was done from January to March 2018 from Bay of Bengal near Chattogram city of Bangladesh. The study is based on randomly collected samples from the intended sampling sites (Randomized Block Design) to ensure the evenness and unbiases of the collected samples.
 Methodology: Analyses were performed for metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). During each month, five individuals each with three replications from the three targeted species were collected, with a total of 135 (45*3) fishes in the study period.
 Results: The concentrations of the metals found in the fishes varied in the following ranges: As: 0.029-0.071 ppm, Pb: 0.008-0.083 ppm and Cr: 0.0001-0.03 ppm. The obtained result revealed the highest concentrations of all three metals were recorded in H.nehereus fish. The organ wise lead concentration was recorded highest in kidneys and gills of examined fishes with significant variation in muscles and liver. The scenario depicted quite differently in case of chromium where concentration in gills was found to be the highest with insignificant variation in accumulation in other three organs. In case of Arsenic, kidneys and livers were the most exposed two organs in comparison to significant exposure to muscles and gills. The obtained values of arsenic accumulation were considered critical for human consumption as it was higher than the recommended values stated by WHO and FAO; but the concentration of lead and chromium were found to be safe for human consumption. The values recorded for lead were increasingly approached to the safety values.
 Conclusion: So, crucial steps should be taken regarding safety and environmentally friendly discharge of arsenic and lead; high levels of pollution will not only affect aquatic life but will also invite socio-economic disasters.

Heavy Metal Accumulation among Different Organs of Cultured Rohu and Catla along with Evaluation of Enzymatic Activities in Examined Organs

“…Among different organs, highest concentration of metals was observed in kidney tissues but the lowest concentration in muscles was found which is a positive finding as we mainly consume the muscles portion of fish widely. The concentration of heavy metals is recorded lowest in muscles compared to kidneys and livers in the commercially important marine fishes of Bangladesh [25] which is also found true for freshwater species in this study.…”

“…al. [25] where they found that the Lead and Arsenic are accumulated in higher concentration in kidneys and livers of commercially important marine fishes in the Chattogram coast of Bangladesh. The metal concentrations in the gills of Rohu and Catla fish occurred in the decreasing order of Pb>As>Cr and As >Pb > Cr respectively.…”

A systematic review of fish adulteration and contamination in Bangladesh: A way forward to food safety

“…A parallel finding to this was illustrated in the study of Saha et al 57 who showed that high levels of various hazardous chemicals existed in fish feed. In contrast, Quader et al 71 found that the concentration of chromium in the fish feed sampled was not hazardous.…”

“…chinensis and H . ilisha ) caught off Chattogram coast of Bay of Bengal, Quader et al 71 found that the concentration of arsenic was excessive, that is, higher than the WHO/FAO recommended level. Ahmed et al 62 gathered three fish samples ( Labeo rohita , Pangasius and Oreochromis mossambicus ) from 30 distinct agroecological zones of Bangladesh.…”

“…Their report underscored that the lead concentration was remarkably higher in the fish feed of Satkhira and Bagerhat compared to that of Dhaka city. However, Quader et al 71 showed that the lead detected in Harpadon nehereus, Pistacia chinensis and H. ilisha was not dangerous, while Baki et al 65 reported that lead concentrations in the species Rastrelliger kanagurta, Hosta nigresceus and Sargocentron rubrum were greater than the recommended limit for food safety. The feed samples of the 10 largest feed companies in Bangladesh have also been reported to be contaminated with an excessive level of iron.…”