“…Within the TVP-SVAR model, considering the stochastic volatility model framework of Primiceri (2005) and Nakajima (2011), and in line with Lorusso and Pieroni (2018), we analysed the impacts of the GPR indices of Brazil, Russia, India, and China on crude oil futures, incorporating the role of oil aggregate demand which can be proxied by the real economy activity. The asymmetric impacts are considered in the estimation process of the TVP-SVAR by including variables decomposed into cumulative positive and negative sums in line with Hatemi-J (2014), El-Khatib (2016), andOzcelebi (2019). Thus, our study following the framework of Kilian (2009) differs from other studies which use SVAR modelling (Caldara et al, 2019;Gong & Lin, 2018;Kang et al, 2019;Lorusso & Pieroni, 2018).…”