Assessment of attention: Relationship between psychological testing and information processing approaches

Shum, David; McFarland, Ken; Bain, John

doi:10.1080/01688639408402664

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This finding is contrary to the work of others (Shum et al, 1990;Shum et al, 1994) and may be due to the small group size in the present study. Within the control group, consistency as well as length of the warning appeared to have an effect, but there was no apparent interaction.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…While the information processing model of Shum et al (1994) demonstrates the separate stages, it does not necessarily follow that each stage is unitary. If manipulations of more than one task variable impair the same stage it is possible that two or more processes are involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The motor adjustment stage, which is assessed by varying the certainty [consistency] of the foreperiod, parallels the concept of set. Using the additive factor method, Shum et al (1994) demonstrated that each stage had an additive, noninteractive effect on reaction time. Based on correlations between these information processing stages and neuropsychological tests, Shum et al (1994) described motor adjustment as similar to the concept of phasic alertness, which maximizes the organism's sensitivity to an external stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease

Sano

Rosen

Stern

et al. 1995

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive decline in memory, language and other cognitive functions. Deficits in attentional processes have also been suggested. A simple reaction time (RT) task was used to assess global attention in AD. The length and consistency of a warning signal given prior to the response stimulus were manipulated to determine if patients with AD and age-matched controls benefit from predictability in RT tasks. Overall reaction time was slower in the AD group than in the and control group.Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in RT with long warning signals compared to short warning signals, but only the control group benefited from the consistency of the warning. (JINS, 1995, 1, 56-61.)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease

Sano

Rosen

Stern

et al. 1995

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Completion of Trails A involves complex visual scanning, motor speed and agility 23,24 as participants draw lines to connect consecutively numbered circles as quickly as possible. Completion of Trails B requires the additional processes of cognitive flexibility and set-shifting 10,25 as participants connect circles in an alternating sequence of numbers and letters, linking them in ascending order as fast as possible (1-A-2-B-3-C, etc.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Cognitive Function to Straight- and Curved-Path Walking in Older Adults

Lowry

Brach

Nebes

et al. 2012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Objective To determine whether the cognitive function contribution to straight- and curved-path walking differs for older adults. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Ambulatory clinical research training center. Participants One hundred six people aged 65 years to 92 years, able to walk household distances independently with or without an assistive device, and who scored ≥ 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measurements Cognitive function was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) as a measure of psychomotor speed, and Trail Making Tests A and B (Trails A, Trails B), and the Trail Making Test difference score (Trails B-A) as executive function measures of complex visual scanning and set-shifting. Gait speed recorded over an instrumented walkway was used as the measure of straight-path walking. Curved-path walking was assessed using the Figure-of-8 Walk Test (F8W) and recorded as the total time and number of steps for completion. Results Both DSST and Trails A independently contributed to usual gait speed (P < 0.001). Trails A performance contributed to F8W time (P < 0.001). Neither Trails B nor Trails B-A contributed to usual gait speed or time to complete the F8W. For the number of steps taken to complete the F8W, Trails A, Trails B, and Trails B-A (all P < 0.001) were independent contributors while DSST performance was not. Conclusion Curved-path walking, as measured by F8W test, involves different cognitive processes compared to straight-path walking. Cognitive flexibility and set-shifting processes uniquely contributed to how individuals navigated curved-paths. The measure of curved-path walking provides different and meaningful information about daily life walking ability than usual gait speed alone.

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“…Other studies have used motor tasks such as tapping and placing pegs (Fuller & Jahanshahi, 1999). In most cases, these tasks are not attentional tasks (Shum, McFarland, & Bain, 1994). These studies have reported sometimes contradictory findings about divided attention among patients with schizophrenia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divided Attention in Schizophrenia: A Dual Task Paradigm

González-Andrade

López-Luengo

Alvarez

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Psychology

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Schizophrenia is known to be associated with attentional deficits. Few studies have examined whether the disorder is also associated with a deficit in the ability to divide attention, and they have given contradictory results. Some have reported that patients show greater loss of performance than healthy controls when moving from single tasks to dual tasks, and others have reported that performance loss is similar in both groups or even that patients perform the dual task better than either task on its own. To help resolve this controversy, we performed a first study in which we designed a dual task paradigm with a group of 36 healthy participants. This dual task involves 2 tasks of equivalent difficulty that make use of different sensory modalities. In the second study, we gave this dual task to 23 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy participants. Both groups decreased similarly their performance in dual tasks, but the patients showed lower baseline performance in the single task. Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants use similar strategies to divide their attention, but in a high-degrading stimuli condition patients perform below the controls in a single task.

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Assessment of attention: Relationship between psychological testing and information processing approaches

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease

Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease

Contributions of Cognitive Function to Straight- and Curved-Path Walking in Older Adults

Divided Attention in Schizophrenia: A Dual Task Paradigm

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