Assessment of Bacterial Blight Tolerance of Persian Walnut Based on Immature Nut Test

Abstract

Bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases affecting Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Susceptibility to this disease was evaluated by artificial inoculation in an in vitro experiment for cultivars developed in Hungary and for selections from Transylvania. Thirty pieces of immature fruit of 11 walnut cultivars and 10 selections were inoculated by punction using a suspension containing a mixture of Xaj-isolates of controlled virulence. As control, a moderate resistant (mR) ‘Pedro’ and a highly susceptible (hS) ‘Milotai intenzív’ cultivars were used. After ten days the diameter of the necrotic area around the inoculation points was measured and the disease rate (DR) was noted. For the calculation of indexes it was taken the structure of the lesions (diffuse or defined margin) into consideration. None of the 21 cultivars/selections analysed were found to be hardly resistant, although all of them showed a higher degree of resistance than the susceptible control (‘Milotai intenzív’). The majority of the analysed cultivars fit into the moderate susceptible (mS) and moderate resistant (mR) group. ‘Milotai kései’ and SZEN-10, had a notable reaction as considered to be moderate resistant (mR), showed a similar degree of resistance compared to the control cultivar ‘Pedro’. It was concluded that these cultivars, based on their resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, could be proposed as resistance gene sources, as well as for production purposes in the environmental conditions of the Carpathian Basin.

Complete Genome Sequences of Lytic Bacteriophages of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis

“…juglandis, the causative agent of walnut blight disease, is mediated by the utilization of copper-based agrochemicals (1). Walnut blight is the main disease affecting walnut production (2), and losses during wet spring can exceed 80% if not controlled (3, 4). …”

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of response of walnuts (Juglans regia) to Pantoea agglomerans infection

“… Belisario and Zoina (1995) reported that J. regia is the walnut species most sensitive to walnut blight. However, there are differences in resistance among walnut genotypes within the same species ( Bandi et al., 2015 ). Jiang et al.…”

“…Belisario and Zoina (1995) reported that J. regia is the walnut species most sensitive to walnut blight. However, there are differences in resistance among walnut genotypes within the same species (Bandi et al, 2015). Jiang et al (2019b) evaluated the resistance of 18 walnut genotypes, including J. sigllata, J. regia and their hybrids, against Xaj and found that the 'Qingxiang' (J. regia) variety displayed a relatively strong resistance to blight.…”

Characterization of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Bacteriophages against Bacterial Walnut Blight and Field Evaluation

“…X. juglandis can infect flowers, shoots, leaves, and buds, where major economic losses are associated with necrotic damage to immature fruits [ 3 ]. This pathogen accesses walnut tissue by natural openings such as stomata and damaged tissues, preferably in wet springs, where up to 80% of the production can be lost [ 4 ].…”