Assessment of Biochemical Compositions and Mineral Contents of Carapace of Some Important Commercially Crustaceans and Mollusks Organisms from Egyptian and Saudi Arabia Coasts as a New Animal Feed

Abstract

Abstract:Carapace of commercial crustaceans species (mantis shrimps ; Erugosquilla. massavensis, the penaeid shrimps ; Peaneus. semisulcatus ; Metapenaeus monoceros and blue crab; Portunus pelagicus ) and commercial mollusks (cuttlefish ; Sepia and bivalve mollusks; Cardium edule) were chosen for this study to assess carbohydrates, protein, lipids and to estimate their Fe, Cu, Co, Hg, Pb and Cd contents, as an attempt to use the carapace of marine invertebrates organisms as a cheap protein animal feed. Additionally, to investigate the interrelation between the exoskeleton of these marine animals and water pollution. In the terms of nutritive quality, the present results show that the carapace of both sex of E. massavensis was the richest nutritive source compared to that of all studied samples. Furthermore, the recorded data indicate that the exoskeleton of all studied crustaceans organisms and the internal shell of cephalopod mollusks had higher nutritive contents than the exoskeleton of bivalve mollusks. Concerning with heavy metal bioaccumulation, the present study show that the carapace in both sexes of E. massavensis accumulated higher percentages of the determined metals than those of other studied crustaceans species. On the other hand, Sepia spp. exhibited the lowest levels of the studied metals comparable to crustaceans and C. edule species. While, all species of C. edule accumulated the higher concentrations of Fe, Co, Pb and Cd in their shells than those in all studied crustaceans species. In this respect, the values of Metal Pollution Index (MPI) of studied essential elements in all studied species were higher than that of non-essential elements. Moreover, the highest values of essential and non-essential elements were recorded in all E. massavensis and C. edule samples respectively. While, the lowest level was detected in Sepia spp. followed by crab species. This primary work is an attempt to pursue further research in this line and will also be useful in the preparation of value added sea foods; the findings of the current study may help to select the appropriate species for animal feed. Moreover, the present study suggests that the exoskeleton of crustaceans and bivalves mollusks can be used as indicator of water pollution and this suggest their tendency to detoxification mechanism of heavy metals as a mean of protection. This in turn suggests that a close monitoring program is need to ensure the safety of these crustacean and mollusks species as a food source for animals.

Wasted Biomaterials from Crustaceans as a Compliant Natural Product Regarding Microbiological, Antibacterial Properties and Heavy Metal Content for Reuse in Blue Bioeconomy: A Preliminary Study

“…An important consideration is that the shell contamination with particular metals strongly depends on the type of local environmental pollution from industrial effluent [ 22 , 23 ]. Similar, or slightly lower range of Fe, Cu, Pb, and Cd content than in the present study, was reported by Abdel-Salam [ 24 ] in the shell of several crab species, who suggested that the shells of respective species originating from Egyptian and Saudi Arabia coasts are suitable for use as mineral supplements for animal feed.…”

“…This means that the crab shells like these considered here would have to be combined with another As- and Cd-free fertilizing material to reduce the content of the contaminants per unit of weight. Nevertheless, the content of other contaminants, such as Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cr (VI), is commonly 1 to 3 orders of magnitude below the legal threshold, as also evidenced by Abdel-Salam [ 24 ], still making the crab shells an attractive naturally sourced composite material for agricultural applications.…”

Amino Acids Profile and Beneficial Metals Composition of Some Selectedspecies of Seafood From Sombreiroriver in Idama, Rivers State.

“…The observed TEAA/TAA ratios for Crab, Periwinkle, and Oyster were 0.5, which showed that they have good quality proteins and might support protein synthesis [19]. In this study, the results for TEAAs/TNEAAs ratios were in tandem with the ones reported by Abdel-Salem [21], that the ratio of TEAAs/TNEAAs ranged between 0.7 -1.09. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are required for protein synthesis, repair, and maintenance of the muscle tissues.…”

Heavy Metals Monitoring Using Commercially Important Crustacean and Mollusks collected from Egyptian and Saudi Arabia Coasts

“…In addition to, these essential metals appear to diffuse passively probably as a soluble complex by the gradients created through adsorption of membrane surface [40]. In comparison with bioaccumulation of Fe, Cu, Co, Hg, Pb and Cd in carapaces of these studied species in the previous study [21] it was detected that carapaces of determined crustaceans and mollusks species had higher contents of essential and non-essential heavy metals than in their edible muscles. From these results, it is suggested that shell of marine organisms may be behave as an indicator of changes in environmental pollution, presenting a lower variability compared with soft tissue and providing a historical record of metal content in the body throughout its life cycle as attributed by [48].…”

“…Furthermore, the bioaccumulation studies led to adoption of the bioindicators concept. Seafood is widely used as bioindicators of marine pollution by metals [20,21]. The use of marine organisms as bioindicators of metal pollution of aquatic environments and suitability for human use from toxicological point has been documented [9, 13-15, 22, 23 ] .…”