Assessment of biodegradability of synthetic surfactants by tests simulating sewage treatment

Stennett, G.V.; Eden, G.E.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(71)90115-1

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The method for reproducing the conditions in an activated sludge reactor was adapted from the U.S. EPA simulation test for aerobic sewage treatment (U.S. EPA, 1998EPA, , 2008. The method uses a porous high-density polyethylene liner (70 lm, Scientific Commodities Inc., Lake Havasu City, Arizona) as an inner vessel, which overcomes problems with circulating sludge and avoids the loss of sludge in the effluent (Stennett and Eden, 1971). The capacity of each porous pot was 4.5 L. A full description of the experimental set up is given by Barnett et al (2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copper and Other Trace Metal Addition to Pulp and Paper Wastewater

Barnett

Richardson²,

Stack³

et al. 2015

Water Environment Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porous pots were used to mimic, on a laboratory scale, an industrial activated sludge plant from a thermomechanical pulp and news print paper mill. Trace metal additions of Ca, Co, Cu, Fe(III), and Mg were found to improve chemical oxygen demand removal from 82% to 86 to 87%. Copper (0.1 to 1.0 mg/L) was also found to be beneficial in significantly inhibiting the growth of filamentous bacteria, contributing to a reduction of 20 to 45% in sludge volume index (SVI) with improved settle ability and decreased bulking. However, at levels of 1.0 mg/L and higher, the concentration of Cu in the porous pot effluent would potentially exceed guidelines for receiving waters. The fate and impact of Cu was affected by the presence of other trace metals, in particular Mg and Ca. The addition of Mg or Ca along with 0.5 mg/L Cu increased the amount of Cu in the aqueous phase to levels that would potentially exceed government environmental guidelines. Calcium addition was also found to inhibit the effect of Cu in reducing filamentous bacteria and SVI.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copper and Other Trace Metal Addition to Pulp and Paper Wastewater

Barnett

Richardson²,

Stack³

et al. 2015

Water Environment Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such methods may only be satisfactory for easily degraded substances, and it is often necessary to prepare an acclimatized seed, or better still to use a laboratory-scale activated-sludge plant. Continuous-flow apparatus such as the Husmann unit, described in an OECD Report [ 181 , and the porous-pot unit, described elsewhere [19], are suitable. This type of test is particularly necessary for the study of biodegradation of substances which, at above some threshold concentration, are toxic to bacteria, but which at a lower concentration than the threshold can be broken down by acclimatized bacteria.…”

Section: Assessment Of Biodegradabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Waste Waters: Treatment and Environmental Effects

Gardiner

Borne

1978

Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper considers the use of water and chemicals in the textile industry and the volume, nature and composition of process effluents, the effect they have on the environment and the limitations they pose on the reuse of water. An outline is given of the methods available for treatment of waste waters from the industry, on site or at a Water Authority's works and the effects that chemical constituents of the effluents have on the treatment processes and on disposal of water and sludge. The assessment and significance of biodegradability and the extent of present‐day knowledge on the biodegradability of the main classes of chemicals used in textile processing are discussed. The paper concludes with a section dealing with the removal of colour from waste waters.

show abstract