Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger

Koç, Esra; Karayiğit, Belgizar

doi:10.1007/s42729-021-00663-1

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 243 publications

(220 reference statements)

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“…In a review of genomic approaches to biofortification of cereals, Koç and Karayigit ( 2021 ) concluded that conventional breeding would be the most sustainable, low cost and easily adoptable strategy. Our results concur inasmuch none of the QTN identified would be influential enough to be rapidly employed in marker-assisted selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic prediction of zinc-biofortification potential in rice gene bank accessions

et al. 2022

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Key message A genomic prediction model successfully predicted grain Zn concentrations in 3000 gene bank accessions and this was verified experimentally with selected potential donors having high on-farm grain-Zn in Madagascar. Abstract Increasing zinc (Zn) concentrations in edible parts of food crops, an approach termed Zn-biofortification, is a global breeding objective to alleviate micro-nutrient malnutrition. In particular, infants in countries like Madagascar are at risk of Zn deficiency because their dominant food source, rice, contains insufficient Zn. Biofortified rice varieties with increased grain Zn concentrations would offer a solution and our objective is to explore the genotypic variation present among rice gene bank accessions and to possibly identify underlying genetic factors through genomic prediction and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A training set of 253 rice accessions was grown at two field sites in Madagascar to determine grain Zn concentrations and grain yield. A multi-locus GWAS analysis identified eight loci. Among these, QTN_11.3 had the largest effect and a rare allele increased grain Zn concentrations by 15%. A genomic prediction model was developed from the above training set to predict Zn concentrations of 3000 sequenced rice accessions. Predicted concentrations ranged from 17.1 to 40.2 ppm with a prediction accuracy of 0.51. An independent confirmation with 61 gene bank seed samples provided high correlations (r = 0.74) between measured and predicted values. Accessions from the aus sub-species had the highest predicted grain Zn concentrations and these were confirmed in additional field experiments, with one potential donor having more than twice the grain Zn compared to a local check variety. We conclude utilizing donors from the aus sub-species and employing genomic selection during the breeding process is the most promising approach to raise grain Zn concentrations in rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic prediction of zinc-biofortification potential in rice gene bank accessions

et al. 2022

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“…Currently, methods of combating hidden hunger included optimized food system strategies, biofortification, food-to-food fortification, knowledge intervention, micronutrient replacement, and nutritional supplements [37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, although positive policies have been introduced and a decreasing trend has appeared, hidden hunger is still a major public health problem across the world [3,13,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale for Chinese high school students

Zhang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Hidden hunger, also known as insufficient micronutrient intake, is still a severe public health problem, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide. High school students are in an important stage of growth and development. Due to huge academic stress, high school students often lack nutrition knowledge and have unhealthy eating habits, suggesting a higher risk for hidden hunger. However, information on the hidden hunger risk of high school students is limited, and tools for assessing hidden hunger are inadequate. Objectives: To revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students (HHAS-HSS) in China and assess its reliability and validity. Methods: Based on the literature review, expert consultation, pre-experiment, and formal survey, a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students. The formal survey involved 9,336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province, China, from 1 September 2020 to 31 December 2020, and 9,038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis. The item analysis, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined. Results: The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items: vegetables and food diversity (3 items), fruits and dairy products (3 items), micronutrient-dense foods (4 items), and health condition and eating habits (2 items). The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758, a split-half reliability of 0.829, and a test-retest reliability of 0.793, indicating good internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS (KMO=0.820, P<0.001). Using the maximum variance rotation method, 4 factors were obtained, and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale has reached an acceptable level. Conclusions: The HHAS-HSS is an effective and convenient tool for the assessment of hidden hunger with good reliability and validity.

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“…Therefore, more attention has been made to enhance such import nutrients in the crop plants through bio-fortification, which is an effective strategy to combat micronutrient deficiency. Different useful approaches of bio-fortification are being used to improve the nutritional value of plants, to overcome nutritional the problems presented in Figure 4 , and also described by Koç and Karayiğit (2022) , with a remark that bio-fortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy for increasing the bioavailability of essential elements/nutrients in the edible parts of plants and reducing malnutrition. Further, they have also pointed out that genetic bio-fortification based on genetic engineering such as increasing or manipulating the expression of genes that affect the regulation of metal homeostasis and carrier proteins that serve to increase the micronutrient contents and greater productivity through CRISPR-Cas9 (bacterial Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology can be considered as a promising high-potential strategy or modern and very advanced GM technology for solving the micronutrient deficiency problem and this technique was reported for the first time by Jinek et al, 2012 .…”

Section: Important Approches/technology Utilised For Crop Bio-fortifi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin and Its Key Role to Enrich the Plant Nutrients and Growth Under Adverse Conditions-An Update

Prasad

2022

Front. Genet.

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Among the field crops, wheat is regarded as one of the most paramount cereal crops because it is widely grown, consumed as food across the world, and also known as the staple food for nearly 35 per cent of the world population. However, it is threatened by spot blotch disease causing considerable yield loss, with existing genotypes lacking the resistance and the necessary nutrients. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones that not only regulate the plant growth/development but also play an important role during stress and in the nutrient metabolic pathway of crop plants. Deficiency of important nutrients like zinc, iron, and vitamin A causes irreparable damage to the body, pressing the need to increase the accumulation of such micronutrients in the edible parts of the plant. Crop bio-fortification is one of the emerging approaches through which the quantities of these nutrients could be increased to an advisable amount. Cytokinin is observed to have a pivotal role in managing environmental stress/climate change and defense systems of plants, and apart from this, it is also found that it has an impact over Zn accumulation in cereal crops. Manipulation of the cytokine dehydrogenase (CKX) enzyme that degrades cytokinin could affect the yield, root growth, and important nutrients. Several instances revealed that an increment in the contents of Zn, S, Fe, and Mn in the seeds of cereals is a reflection of increasing the activity of CKX enzyme resulting the enhancement of the root system which not only helps in the absorption of water in a drought prone area but is also beneficial for scavenging nutrients to the deeper ends of the soil. Exploring micronutrients from the lithosphere via the root system helps in the uptake of the micronutrients and transporting them via the vascular system to the sink of crop plants, therefore, identification and incorporation of CKs/CKX linked gene(s) into targeted crop plants, exploring a bio-fortification approach including CRISPR-Cas9 through conventional and molecular breeding approaches could be the most paramount job for improving the important traits and stress management in order to enhance the plant growth, productivity, and nutritional value of the wheat crops, which would be useful for mankind.

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Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger

Cited by 47 publications

References 243 publications

Genomic prediction of zinc-biofortification potential in rice gene bank accessions

Genomic prediction of zinc-biofortification potential in rice gene bank accessions

Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale for Chinese high school students

Cytokinin and Its Key Role to Enrich the Plant Nutrients and Growth Under Adverse Conditions-An Update

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