Assessment of Biological and Environmental Phenology at a Landscape Level from 30 Years of Fixed-Date Repeat Photography in Northern Sweden

Andrews, Chris; Dick, Jan; Jonasson, Christer; Callaghan, Terry V.

doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0167-z

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Stewart et al, 2005;Åkerman and Johansson, 2008;Andrews et al, 2011;Callaghan et al, 2013). Our results for trends in snowmelt onset are consistent with findings from other studies, which observed an earlier onset of snowmelt in North America, northern Europe and the Alps (e.g.…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 92%

On the variability of cold region flooding

Matti

Dahlke

Lyon

2016

Journal of Hydrology

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s u m m a r yCold region hydrological systems exhibit complex interactions with both climate and the cryosphere. Improving knowledge on that complexity is essential to determine drivers of extreme events and to predict changes under altered climate conditions. This is particularly true for cold region flooding where independent shifts in both precipitation and temperature can have significant influence on high flows. This study explores changes in the magnitude and the timing of streamflow in 18 Swedish Sub-Arctic catchments over their full record periods available and a common period . The MannKendall trend test was used to estimate changes in several hydrological signatures (e.g. annual maximum daily flow, mean summer flow, snowmelt onset). Further, trends in the flood frequency were determined by fitting an extreme value type I (Gumbel) distribution to test selected flood percentiles for stationarity using a generalized least squares regression approach.Results highlight shifts from snowmelt-dominated to rainfall-dominated flow regimes with all significant trends (at the 5% significance level) pointing toward (1) lower magnitudes in the spring flood; (2) earlier flood occurrence; (3) earlier snowmelt onset; and (4) decreasing mean summer flows. Decreasing trends in flood magnitude and mean summer flows suggest widespread permafrost thawing and are supported by increasing trends in annual minimum daily flows. Trends in selected flood percentiles showed an increase in extreme events over the full periods of record (significant for only four catchments), while trends were variable over the common period of data among the catchments. An uncertainty analysis emphasizes that the observed trends are highly sensitive to the period of record considered. As such, no clear overall regional hydrological response pattern could be determined suggesting that catchment response to regionally consistent changes in climatic drivers is strongly influenced by their physical characteristics.

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 92%

On the variability of cold region flooding

Matti

Dahlke

Lyon

2016

Journal of Hydrology

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“…At the Eurasian scale, a significant trend toward later dates in the onset date of the first snow cover, and a declining trend of the end date of snow cover has been reported (Peng et al 2013). Trends toward later first snowfall and/or earlier snowmelt have been observed e.g., over most of the Russia ) and in northern Sweden (Andrews et al 2011). Our results showed no significant change in the ending date of the snow cover.…”

Section: Cold Season Changes In the Värriötunturit Fell Areacontrasting

confidence: 39%

Observed cold season changes in a Fennoscandian fell area over the past three decades

Kivinen

Rasmus

2014

AMBIO

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We studied trends and variability in snow and climate characteristics in 1978-2012 in the Värriötunturit fell area, northern Finland. Cold season changes were examined using long-term observational data on snow depths, meteorological data, large-scale climate indices, and reindeer herders' experiences with difficult snow conditions. Snow depths declined, and temperatures increased significantly over the study period, with the largest changes observed in October-December and in April. Snow depths decreased particularly in forests at lower altitudes but not in treeless areas at higher altitudes. Interannual variability (but not the trends) in snow depths could be partially linked to large-scale climate indices. A majority of difficult reindeer grazing conditions were related to deep snow in the winter or spring. Our observations suggest that shortened duration of snow cover may facilitate reindeer grazing, whereas potentially more frequent formation of ice layers and mold growth on pastures in the future is disadvantageous for reindeer husbandry.

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“…(ii) using conservation to offset carbon emissions. -Monitoring (i) there is a need to develop standardized protocols for integrated and adaptive long-term monitoring [168] so that meta-analyses can be performed and a new generation of monitoring [169,170] can target the success and/or failures of adaptation measures implemented in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers

Callaghan

Jonasson

Thierfelder

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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147

142

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The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.

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Assessment of Biological and Environmental Phenology at a Landscape Level from 30 Years of Fixed-Date Repeat Photography in Northern Sweden

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

On the variability of cold region flooding

On the variability of cold region flooding

Observed cold season changes in a Fennoscandian fell area over the past three decades

Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers

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