Assessment of C, N, and Si Isotopes as Tracers of Past Ocean Nutrient and Carbon Cycling

Farmer, Jesse; Hertzberg, J. E.; Cardinal, Damien; Fietz, Susanne; Hendry, Katharine R.; Jaccard, Samuel L.; Paytan, Adina; Rafter, Patrick A.; Ren, Haojia; Somes, Christopher J.; Sutton, Jill

doi:10.1029/2020gb006775

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…It is advisable to determine the δ 13 C values of Particulate Organic Matter (POM) from the region and/or the δ 15 N values of an organism with a known trophic position (e.g., δ 15 N value of a filter-feeder species that it is in the second trophic level). To overcome the necessity of analysing POM stable isotopic values, it is possible to use values obtained from previous studies, or studies that modelled isotopic variation around the world's oceans (Somes et al, 2010;Farmer et al, 2021;St John Glew et al, 2021). However, when using values from previous studies or when comparing values obtained in beaks collected in different periods, it is necessary to account for the temporal variation of isotopes in the environment.…”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when using values from previous studies or when comparing values obtained in beaks collected in different periods, it is necessary to account for the temporal variation of isotopes in the environment. To solve this, the obtained δ 13 C values need to be corrected considering the Suess effect when values span across decades or consider modelled past δ 13 C values (Farmer et al, 2021). For the δ 15 N, the use of values obtained by previous modelling studies is so far the best option (Somes et al, 2010;Farmer et al, 2021;Verwega et al, 2021).…”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To solve this, the obtained δ 13 C values need to be corrected considering the Suess effect when values span across decades or consider modelled past δ 13 C values (Farmer et al, 2021). For the δ 15 N, the use of values obtained by previous modelling studies is so far the best option (Somes et al, 2010;Farmer et al, 2021;Verwega et al, 2021). If the capture location of the individual is known, the isotopic value of the near-death beak segment [i.e., the end of the hood and crest in the upper beak and the end of the hood and crest and wing in the lower beak (Queirós et al, 2018)], can be related to the local isotopic values.…”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update

Xavier

Golikov²,

Queirós³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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The use of cephalopod beaks in ecological and population dynamics studies has allowed major advances of our knowledge on the role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems in the last 60 years. Since the 1960’s, with the pioneering research by Malcolm Clarke and colleagues, cephalopod beaks (also named jaws or mandibles) have been described to species level and their measurements have been shown to be related to cephalopod body size and mass, which permitted important information to be obtained on numerous biological and ecological aspects of cephalopods in marine ecosystems. In the last decade, a range of new techniques has been applied to cephalopod beaks, permitting new kinds of insight into cephalopod biology and ecology. The workshop on cephalopod beaks of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference (Sesimbra, Portugal) in 2022 aimed to review the most recent scientific developments in this field and to identify future challenges, particularly in relation to taxonomy, age, growth, chemical composition (i.e., DNA, proteomics, stable isotopes, trace elements) and physical (i.e., structural) analyses. In terms of taxonomy, new techniques (e.g., 3D geometric morphometrics) for identifying cephalopods from their beaks are being developed with promising results, although the need for experts and reference collections of cephalopod beaks will continue. The use of beak microstructure for age and growth studies has been validated. Stable isotope analyses on beaks have proven to be an excellent technique to get valuable information on the ecology of cephalopods (namely habitat and trophic position). Trace element analyses is also possible using beaks, where concentrations are significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., muscle, digestive gland, gills). Extracting DNA from beaks was only possible in one study so far. Protein analyses can also be made using cephalopod beaks. Future challenges in research using cephalopod beaks are also discussed.

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Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%