Assessment of Ca and P content variation in enamel during an eight-week bleaching protocol using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence

Sorozini, Marianna; Santos, Ramon Silva dos; Silva, E.M.; Anjos, M.J.; Perez, Cesar dos Reis

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.03.010

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the other hand, one of the most accurate methods is the measurement of element concentration within enamel surface. In the current study, the essential point was to determine the effects of different vital bleaching methods and the effect of erosion on bleached enamel by analyzing the mineral content via Energy -Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) analysis method, and to determine the morphology of enamel surface via Scanning Electron Microscope examination (58)(59)(60) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different methods of vital tooth bleaching on the resistance of enamel to erosion using Energy–Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry analysis

Attia

Elbahrawy

Essa

2019

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Objectives: the objective of the current study was to determine the effect of different methods of vital tooth bleaching (power in-office, at-home and over the counter) on the resistance of enamel to erosion. Material and methods: Square enamel sections (4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm) were obtained from the middle third of the crown of bovine teeth and then embedded in self-curing acrylic resin blocks measuring (2 cm wide and 3 cm high). The samples were divided randomly into 4 groups according to the method of bleaching used. Group 1(control group): where all specimens of the group were placed in artificial saliva at 37 0 C during the study period. Group 2 (power in-office bleaching): The gel was applied directly on the enamel surface of the specimens where the thickness of the gel was about 1-2 mm, then the LED bleaching device was used. The lamp was located close to enamel surface, then it was turned on for 15 minutes for total application time 45 minutes. Group 3 (Crest 3D White Luxe Supreme FlexFit White strips (over the counter) : the strips were applied to the enamel surface for 30 min twice daily for 14 days according to manufacturer instructions. Group 4 (At-home bleaching): bleaching gel was applied to the enamel surface. Teeth were placed for 6 hours at 37 0 C daily for 8 days. Then, all the samples were subjected to erosive challenge where the bleached samples and the samples of control group were immersed in 1% citric acid solution. Mineral analysis via EDS was carried out before bleaching (base line), then of bleached enamel and finally after erosive cycle. Two representative samples of each group after each step were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results: There was a significant difference regarding the percentage weight of (Ca%), (P%) and (Ca/P%) among the four tested groups. The difference was not significant between group 1 and group 4 after erosion. Conclusions: 1-At-home beaching is considered the least harmful to enamel compared to power in-office and over the counter bleaching materials, and it is more resistant to erosive challenges. 2-Bleaching agents containing calcium decrease the adverse effects of the bleaching procedure. 3-Bleached enamel is less resistant to erosion especially when power in -office or over the counter protocol is used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different methods of vital tooth bleaching on the resistance of enamel to erosion using Energy–Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry analysis

Attia

Elbahrawy

Essa

2019

Egyptian Dental Journal

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“…Similarly, acid dissolution increased the roughness and the standard deviation of all groups because different areas of the sample behave differently with different treatments; the effect is not uniform, and there are areas that are more susceptible to dissolution (Finke et al, ; Poggio et al, ). The type of tooth and the direction of cut in the prepared samples produces differences in the shape of the enamel crystals and influences the final arrangement observed (Finke et al, ; Loyola‐Rodriguez et al, 2009; Sanches et al, ; Sorozini et al, ; Watari, ). Finke et al () also supported the finding that prismless enamel seems to be more prone to chemical dissolution, whereas Parkinson et al () suggested that the removal is most prominent at defect sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of grinding and polishing also allows standardized initial values of roughness, which makes statistical analysis easier. This facilitates research but does not represent the clinical reality (Finke et al, ; Poggio et al, ; Sorozini et al, ; Wang et al, ). Grinding and polishing also have a negative influence on the properties of enamel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enamel sample preparation for AFM: Influence on roughness and morphology

Sorozini

Perez

Rocha

2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Human dental enamel is organized by prisms that are structured between 3 and 6 µm in diameter. Determining the relationships between different treatments on the surface of enamel using ultrastructural analysis is the purpose of many in vitro experiments. Different sample pretreatments have been reported in the literature. Grinding and polishing are common procedures for enamel preparation. They provide a flat and standardized surface, which is imperative for the use of some techniques such as ATR‐FTIR. However, for morphological analysis, SEM and AFM represent easier methods to measure and reduce the biological sample variation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish how different forms of enamel preparation can influence the advent of artifacts during ultrastructural observation, especially by AFM analysis. Four groups (n = 10) were tested: (a) without preparation; (b) polishing with a diamond paste; (c) grinding with decreasing granulations of silicon carbide papers; (d) grinding with polishing. Images were obtained using the Peak‐Force Tapping mode. After the first images were obtained, all fragments were acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, rinsed for 60 seconds, and dried intensively. Upon grinding and polishing, the exposure of the inner enamel surfaces provided a less mineralized layer that was marked by scratches and a higher susceptibility to treatments. Moreover, using native enamel provided more valuable information on the surface and the roughness changes for clinical applications. In addition, phosphoric acid is an option for observing the prismatic arrangement after grinding and/or polishing changes the morphology. Research Highlights The use of native enamel samples to investigate the effects of different treatments on surface should be preferred in research, when the technique allows it.

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“…The bleaching agents usually contain hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP) that cause the oxidation of colored organic and inorganic compounds in tooth structure by the decomposition of peroxide into free radicals. [ 3 4 ] However, the reaction is unspecific, and the organic and inorganic materials of the enamel and dentin may be affected, resulting in undesirable topographic effects or mineral loss. [ 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrogen peroxide and its combination with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-bioactive glass on the enamel demineralization and tooth color: An in vitro study

Kheradmand,

Daneshkazemi,

Davari

et al. 2023

Dental Research Journal

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Background: Patient demand for esthetic dental treatments is increasing, and among different techniques, tooth bleaching is a popular procedure for smile improvement. There is a controversy over the demineralizing effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) containing bleaching agents on tooth enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HP and its combinations with hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glass (BG) on enamel demineralization and tooth color changes. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 20 teeth were used. Bleaching regimens included HP alone, HP + HA, and HP + BG. Bleaching was repeated at six periods of 15 min. Energy dispersive spectrometry was performed to evaluate calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, and fluoride content of superficial enamel before and after bleaching. Tooth color was evaluated by spectrophotometer before and after bleaching and ΔE values were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Ca and P content was increased significantly in group HP + BG ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in ΔE values between the three groups ( P > 0.05).(p value = 0.34). Conclusion: Addition of BG to HP can increase superficial enamel mineral content after bleaching and has no effect on tooth color changes in comparison to HP alone.

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Assessment of Ca and P content variation in enamel during an eight-week bleaching protocol using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of different methods of vital tooth bleaching on the resistance of enamel to erosion using Energy–Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry analysis

Effect of different methods of vital tooth bleaching on the resistance of enamel to erosion using Energy–Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry analysis

Enamel sample preparation for AFM: Influence on roughness and morphology

Effect of hydrogen peroxide and its combination with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-bioactive glass on the enamel demineralization and tooth color: An in vitro study

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