Assessment of Candidate Molten Salt Coolants for the NGNP/NHI Heat-Transfer Loop

Thermophysical Properties of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs) Heat-Transfer Fluids

“…5 This indicates either the need for heat tracing to prevent freezing in pipes or the search for alternatives that cannot operate at as high of temperatures, but have much lower freezing points. This has led to research in room-temperature molten salts, which are referred to as ionic liquids (IL).…”

High-Temperature Phase Change Materials (PCM) Candidates for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Applications

“…The high-temperature container materials that are able to resist the aggressive chemical behavior of the molten salts used in NGNP are basically high-temperature alloys (some stainless steels, Inconel, and Hastelloy-N), graphite, and ceramics (Williams 2006). The author reported that some important factors should be considered for molten salts as coolants for NGNP: i) corrosive behavior can occur at high temperatures (e.g., halides of Fe and Zn are usually highly corrosive); ii) heavy halide salts containing bromine and iodine usually have poor heat-transfer and high cost; and iii) mixed-halide salts with dissimilar halide anions (mixtures of chlorides, fluorides, bromides, and iodides) are considerably more complicated systems to prepare and understand.…”

Feasibility of Hydrogen Production Using Laser Inertial Fusion as the Primary Energy Source

“…Of all the possibilities, molten fluoride salts appear to hold the greatest promise for the temperature range being considered [Forsberg (2006)]. In particular, the ternary eutectic salt mixture 46.5% lithium fluoride, 11.5% sodium fluoride, 42% potassium fluoride, known as FLiNaK, has the best overall heat transfer characteristics [Williams (2006)]. …”

“…Furthermore, some screening work has already been done for molten salt coolants at temperatures relevant for NHI water-splitting processes (up to 950°C) [Williams (2006)]. …”