Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Upland Rice Production in Northern Thailand

Champrasert, Palika; Sampattagul, Sate; Yodkhum, Sanwasan; Wangpakapattanawong, Prasit

doi:10.12982/cmujns.2020.0028

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Terraced rice cultivation has the highest carbon footprint intensity (1.15 kg CO 2 eq kg −1 rice yield), while the lowest was detected in upland rice (0.17 kg CO 2 eq kg −1 rice yield) (Table 3). A study by Champrasert et al [47] estimated the carbon footprint intensity of upland rice in Karen and Lawa tribes in Northern Thailand, with the values of 0.13 and 0.19 kg CO 2 eq kg −1 nonmilled rice, respectively. As suggested by several studies [10,[13][14][15]48,49], accounting for SOC sequestration in the carbon footprint calculation can increase the accuracy of the net carbon footprint, because farming practices directly affect soil carbon changes.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Under Different Rice Cultivation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, Human and Ecotoxicological Impacts of Different Rice Cultivation Systems in Northern Thailand

Toolkiattiwong

Arunrat

Sereenonchai

2023

IJERPH

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Sustainable practices in rice cultivation require effective farming management concerning environmental and human health impacts. In this study, three rice cultivation systems, namely low-land, upland, and terraced rice in the Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, were assessed and the carbon footprint (CF), water footprint (WF), and human and ecotoxicological impacts were compared from pesticide application. The results showed that the highest CF intensity was observed in terraced rice with 1.15 kg CO2eq kg−1 rice yield, followed by lowland rice (1.02 kg CO2eq kg−1 rice yield) and upland rice (0.17 kg CO2eq kg−1 rice yield) fields. Moreover, lowland rice cultivation generated the highest total WF with 1701.6 m3 ton−1, followed by terraced rice (1422.1 m3 ton−1) and upland rice (1283.2 m3 ton−1). The lowland rice fields had the most impact on human health and freshwater ecotoxicity, followed by the terraced and upland rice cultivation systems. The results also showed that most of the pesticides remaining in soils were chlorpyrifos (98.88%), butachlor (96.94%), and fipronil (95.33%), respectively. The substances with the greatest distributions in freshwater were acephate (56.74%), glyphosate (50.90%), and metaldehyde (45.65%), respectively. This study indicated that, with more agricultural inputs, higher CF, WF, human health impacts, and freshwater ecotoxicity were generated. Although the use of pesticides in the study areas did not exceed the recommendations on the packaging, glyphosate and chlorpyrifos are restricted in Thailand, so it is necessary to monitor their use due to their long-term health effects.

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Section: Environmental Impact Under Different Rice Cultivation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, Human and Ecotoxicological Impacts of Different Rice Cultivation Systems in Northern Thailand

Toolkiattiwong

Arunrat

Sereenonchai

2023

IJERPH

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“…Arunrat and Pumijumnong [91] reported that the CF values of rice production in the Roi-Et province, Northeast Thailand, ranged from 0.31 to 1.68 kg CO2eq kg −1 rice yield. Champrasert et al [92] estimated the CF of upland rice production in the Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand, by including aboveground carbon and SOC stock. They found 0.13 and 0.19 kg CO2eq kg −1 rice yield (unmilled rice) for the Karen and Lawa tribes, respectively.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprint Of Of And Cvfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon, Nitrogen and Water Footprints of Organic Rice and Conventional Rice Production over 4 Years of Cultivation: A Case Study in the Lower North of Thailand

Arunrat

Sereenonchai

Chaowiwat³

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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An integrated method is required for comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts and economic benefits of rice production systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apply different footprinting approaches (carbon footprint (CF), nitrogen footprint (NF), water footprint (WF)) and determine the economic return on organic farming (OF) and conventional rice farming (CVF) at the farm scale. Over the 4-year study period (2018–2021), the results showed lower net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in OF (3289.1 kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1) than in CVF (4921.7 kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1), indicating that the use of OF can mitigate the GHG emissions from soil carbon sequestration. However, there was a higher CF intensity in OF (1.17 kg CO2eq kg−1 rice yield) than in CVF (0.93 kg CO2eq kg−1 rice yield) due to the lower yield. The NF intensities of OF and CVF were 0.34 and 11.94 kg Neq kg−1 rice yield, respectively. The total WF of CVF (1470.1 m3 ton−1) was higher than that in OF (1216.3 m3 ton−1). The gray water in CVF was significantly higher than that in OF due to the use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Although the rice yield in OF was nearly two times lower than that in CVF, the economic return was higher due to lower production costs and higher rice prices. However, more field studies and long-term monitoring are needed for future research.

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“…Northern Thailand consists of high mountains where upland rice is cultivated in highlands and steep river valleys. Swidden agriculture is also practiced in northern Thailand where upland rice is grown in rotation with slashing vegetation, tree regeneration, and shift in cultivation (Champrasert et al, 2020 ). Comparatively low yield production (0.6–0.9 t.ha −1 ) of upland rice has been reported in northern Thailand (Karladee et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Planting Date to Improve Resource Use Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability of Upland Rice

et al. 2022

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Synchronizing nitrogen (N) fertilization with planting date (PD) could enhance resource use efficiency and profitability of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Thailand. The objective of the study was to assess upland rice responses to four N fertilization rates (NFRs) and three planting dates. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons under four NFRs, no N applied (N0), 30 (N30), 60 (N60), and 90 kg N ha−1 (N90), and NFR were applied at the initiation of tillering and panicle emergence stages. The planting dates selected were early (PD1), intermedium (PD2), and late planting (PD3) between September and December of each season. The NFRs and planting dates had a significant influence on N uptake, N use efficiency (NUE), crop water productivity, yield and yield attributes, and profitability of upland rice production. A linear relationship among NFRs, agronomic traits of upland rice, N uptake, and crop water productivity was observed, and a significant seasonal effect was indicated. Fertilization at N90 under PD2 enhanced yields, yield attributes, and grain yields, as well as crop water productivity by 56 and 105% during the second and first seasons, respectively. Grain N, total N, and straw N were increased by 159, 159, and 160%, and by 90, 114, and 153%, during the first and second seasons, respectively. Enhanced N efficiencies, including agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency, partial factor productivity, and N harvest index, at varying NFRs were observed under PD2 during both seasons. Highly significant (p < 0.001) and positive associations were observed among agronomic attributes, N uptake, NUE, and crop water productivity of upland rice in correlation assessment. Profitability from grain yields was observed with N fertilization and N90 resulted in maximum profit under all the PDs. However, the highest marginal benefit-cost ratio was observed at N60 under PD2 during both seasons. The results suggest that the NFR of 90 kg N ha−1 and planting at the end of September or start of October would enhance resource use efficiency and productivity, and maximize profitability. Furthermore, long–term field investigations with a range of NFRs and adopting forecasting measures to adjust the planting date for upland rice are recommended.

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Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Upland Rice Production in Northern Thailand

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental, Human and Ecotoxicological Impacts of Different Rice Cultivation Systems in Northern Thailand

Environmental, Human and Ecotoxicological Impacts of Different Rice Cultivation Systems in Northern Thailand

Carbon, Nitrogen and Water Footprints of Organic Rice and Conventional Rice Production over 4 Years of Cultivation: A Case Study in the Lower North of Thailand

Synchronizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Planting Date to Improve Resource Use Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability of Upland Rice

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