Assessment of carwash wastewater reclamation potential based on household water treatment technologies

Canales, Fausto A.; Plata-Solano, Diego; Cantero-Rodelo, Rubén; Avila, Yoleimy; Díaz-Martínez, Karina; Carpintero, Javier; Kaźmierczak, Bartosz; Tavera-Quiroz, Humberto

doi:10.1016/j.wri.2021.100164

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Clean water is no longer an item that is available in abundance and freely used, but has become a scarce economic commodity that requires proper management. 11,12 Based on the effectiveness results of testing clean water treatment equipment, it found that 96% of respondents strongly agreed that the quality of the water clarity produced was very good, while 4% of respondents agreed that the water quality was good.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of household-scale clean water treatment technology for the mountain farming community, Jajar village, Gandusari district, Trenggalek

Lestari

Edahwati

Saputro

2022

J Community Empowerment for Health

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Currently, the need for clean water which is a vital source for people's lives has not been fully met for all Indonesians, including the mountain farming community, Jajar Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency. So far, the mountain farming community members of Jajar Village have used mountain water for household needs where cloudy and unstable water conditions are a problem that must be faced. If this problem continues, it will lead to serious health problems and social conflicts in the community. Therefore, through community service activities, we made a practical clean water treatment tool, with easily obtained materials, that can be implemented in hilly areas such as in Jajar Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency. The filtration system used is an upflow and downflow system where the water undergoes a filtration process twice in the material that has been selected and arranged in a systematic way. The materials used are available and easy to obtain in Jajar Village, so that people can discover easily about the benefits of these materials. After making a water filtration system with the community, then physical testing is conducted on the quality of the water produced. From the test results of the effectiveness of the implementation of clean water treatment technology applied to mountain farmers in Jajar Village, it shows that in general the filtered water has met the physical requirements for the level of turbidity, taste, and smell, as well as the quantity and continuity of water are always available when needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of household-scale clean water treatment technology for the mountain farming community, Jajar village, Gandusari district, Trenggalek

Lestari

Edahwati

Saputro

2022

J Community Empowerment for Health

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“…This integrated treatment process reduced O&G by up to 96%, COD by 93%, turbidity by 94%, and TDSs by 74% [9]. Based on coagulation-flocculation and a household activated carbon filter and water ozonator, Canales and Plata-Solano [10] evaluated the removal efficiency of a bench-scale CWW treatment system. Organic matter treatment efficiency was above 70%, and color and turbidity removal was over 90%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatability Study of Car Wash Wastewater Using Upgraded Physical Technique with Sustainable Flocculant

Fayed,

Shewitah,

Dupont

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Grease, oil, hydrocarbon residues, heavy metals, and surfactants are all present in car wash wastewater (CWW), which all can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. This study was designed to assess CWW treatment using an upgraded physical technique combined with a range of conventional and more sustainable coagulants. Physical treatment effectively lowered the oil and grease (O&G) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the CWW by 79 ± 15% and 97 ± 1.6%, respectively. Additional treatment was provided using chemical coagulation–flocculation–settling. In jar test studies, humic acid (HA) and alum were found to provide significantly higher turbidity removal, 79.2 ± 3.1% and 69.8 ± 8.0%, respectively, than anionic polyacrylamide (APA), 7.9 ± 5.6% under influent turbidity values from 89 to 1000 NTU. Overall physical/chemical treatment of CWW yielded 97.3 ± 0.8% COD removal, and 99.2 ± 0.4% O&G removal using HA and alum. Due to the numerous problems created when using synthetic coagulants, naturally occurring coagulants that have no impact on human health, such as HA, are highly desirable options. The findings of this study show that treating CWW provides several advantages for sustainable development, health and well-being, and raising public knowledge and support for water reuse.

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“…Airborne bioaerosols formed contain pathogenic microorganisms in their composition, which pose a potential threat to the health of users and employees of car washes [9]. Therefore, a control and risk assessment of car washing with reused water are of great importance [10]. It is also recommended to monitor the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in the air surrounding washed cars [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Hazard Analysis of Car Wash Wastewater

Woźniak¹,

Dubicki²,

Gryta³

2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Wastewater from car washes may contain many pathogenic microorganisms that can pose a hazard to human health through inhalation of bioaerosols generated during car washing. The aim of this study was to investigate which types of bacteria are present in the wastewater. Over 30 types of bacteria were determined in the examined wastewater, with the cells number at the level 2.86-3.71x10 6 CFU/mL. The complete inhibition of bacterial growth was observed for D-cycloserine and for a mixture of antibiotics (polymyxin B sulfate, Ceftazidime and Acryflavine HCl). E. coli bacteria were used to determine how the composition of chemicals used to wash cars affects their survival. It was found that the foaming agents (surfactants) do not have an antibacterial effect, unlike the alkaline agents used to remove insects (Insect). The chemicals present in wastewater promote bacterial mutation in the adaptation process. As a result, despite increasing the concentration of Insect solution to 0.5% and extending the contact time to 30 min the amount of bacteria cells in the wastewater decreased only from 2.93x10 5 to 5.56x10 2 CFU/mL.

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Assessment of carwash wastewater reclamation potential based on household water treatment technologies

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Implementation of household-scale clean water treatment technology for the mountain farming community, Jajar village, Gandusari district, Trenggalek

Implementation of household-scale clean water treatment technology for the mountain farming community, Jajar village, Gandusari district, Trenggalek

Treatability Study of Car Wash Wastewater Using Upgraded Physical Technique with Sustainable Flocculant

Microbiological Hazard Analysis of Car Wash Wastewater

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