Assessment of Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinesterase and Microbial Virulence-Quenching Effects of Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor L.) Harvested from Algeria

Abstract

Sanguisorba minor is a medicinal vegetable used in seasoning desserts, juices, and beverages. An evaluation of the total flavonoid, phenolic, tannin and anthocyanin contents indicated that these classes of compounds are distributed variably in the different fractions. In summary, the HPLC-DAD analyses enabled the identification and quantification of thirteen phenolic compounds in an ethyl acetate extract (EAE), nine in a dichloromethane extract (DCME), seven in an aqueous extract (AQE) and four in a butanol extract (BE). Rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the BE (278.4 ± 1.20 µg/g) and AQE (32.87 ± 0.23 µg/g) fractions, while apigenin was the most abundant in the DCME (84.75 ± 0.60 µg/g) and EAE (156.8 ± 0.95 µg/g) fractions. The presence of phenolic compounds in the fractions conferred good antioxidant capacity, especially the EAE and DCME fractions, which both exhibited higher antioxidant effects than BHA and α-tocopherol in DPPH• and CUPRAC assays. Additionally, in the ABTS•+ assay, EAE (IC50 = 9.27 ± 0.33 µg/mL) was more active than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 35.50 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and BHA (IC50 = 12.70 ± 0.10 µg/mL). At 200 µg/mL, the fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating that they can slow neurodegeneration and hyperglycemia. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL, and fractions showed good biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts exhibited good violacein inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, despite the supply of external acyl-homoserine lactone to CV026. The antioxidant, quorum-sensing, antibiofilm and enzyme inhibition attributes indicate the potential for the application of S. minor as a food preservative.

In Vitro and Molecular Docking Evaluation of the Anticholinesterase and Antidiabetic Effects of Compounds from Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae)

“…Natural triterpenoids of this class are known to possess anticholinesterase activity and are preferential to synthetic drugs [ 12 ]. Decreases in the neurotransmitter levels in the cholinergic synapses within certain regions of the brain are caused by acetylcholine and butyrylcholine hydrolysis, caused by AChE and BChE; therefore, their inhibition by these compounds is a suitable therapy for Alzheimer’s disease [ 40 ].…”

Evaluation of destruction of bacterial membrane structure associated with anti-quorum sensing and ant-diabetic activity of Cyperus esculentus extract

“…Phenolic compounds reported in acacia species and salad burnet were in high concentration. They are reported for their strong anti-oxidant activity, as phenolics are good anti-oxidants [ 2 , 6 ].…”

“…The above properties can result from phytochemicals present in the plant extract [ 24 ]. Phenolic compounds in salad burnet ( Sanguisorba minor L.), bitter Kola ( Garcinia kola L.), and kolanut ( Cola acuminate L.) are reported to show the antimicrobial effect on pathogens as this plant is enriched with different types of phenolics in high concentrations [ 2 , 26 ]. Efficient extraction of phytochemicals due to the use of solvents could have added antimicrobial properties [ 27 ].…”

“…Among the different extracts, dichloromethane showed the most potent inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (acetyl and butyl) with the best IC 50 values. To control Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to inhibit the production of cholinesterase, which can be controlled by using natural compounds in medicinal plants possessing anti-cholinesterase activity [ 2 ]. Current experiments agree with the study of Ortega et al [ 31 ] and Obuotor et al [ 22 ].…”

“…Recently, there has been an increasing demand for medicinal plants to control infectious diseases like abscesses, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, aspergillosis, etc., as primary health facilities are inadequate in specific populations [ 1 ]. Diseases caused by pathogens expose people to risk, especially older people, children, pregnant women, and those with weak immune systems [ 2 ]. Medicinal plants vary in their potency for curing diseases, and their specificity as antimicrobial agents can be ascertained if these plants are tested and compared.…”