Assessment of Circulating Biomarkers in Relation to Various Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers, and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations, such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein) and serum VEGF. Results: The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio) are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine, CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy. Conclusion: The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.

Association of Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy with Levels of HbA1c

“…A comparable anlaysis was conducted in the Indian people and found an advanced incidence among males (69%) in comparison to to females (31%), with the maximum of the patients ranging in age from 61 to 70 years. Most of the patients in our study had diabetic retinopathy of grade 1 with NPDR of mild to moderate severity, accounting for 45% of all cases [16][17] . While the total number of cases with NPDR grade was 65%, only 14% of the patients had PDR.…”