Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Requirement and Rice Productivity

Evaluating the effect of climate change on rice production in Indonesia using multimodelling approach

“…Previous studies have implemented integration between climate-hydrological-crop models in several countries [ 25 , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [146] , [147] , [148] ]. For example, a study from Becker et al (2023) [ 133 ] in Pakistan's Punjab region utilized an agro-hydrological model (SWAT) and biophysical crop models (APSIM) to predict future crop production, including rice, cotton, and maize, under future climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5).…”

“…According to previous studies, the multimodelling approach offers numerous benefits in studying the impacts of climate change on agricultural systems, as illustrated in Fig. 1 [ 133 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 149 ]. Firstly, this approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between climate variables, hydrological processes, and crop growth.…”

“…However, it is important to note that the output generated by GCMs cannot be directly applied to regional studies. The reliability of results obtained from climate models is influenced by several factors, including the chosen scenarios, models, time periods, and number of predicted generations [ 139 ]. This limitation arises from the inherent challenges in adequately representing and simulating local-scale processes and the coarse spatial resolution of GCMs, resulting in high uncertainties results.…”

“…Crop models are crucial in understanding the complex interplay between crops, soil, water, and the atmosphere, providing valuable insights for research, crop management, policy formulation, and adaptation strategies [ 135 , 139 , 158 ]. The global significance of crop models is evident in their application for assessments, evaluations, mitigation strategies, and the identification of favorable policies to address climate change [ 21 , 110 , 161 ].…”