Assessment of Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients

Abstract

Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease–19 (COVID-19) in humans, have been developed and are being tested for safety and efficacy. We conducted the cross-sectional prospective cohort study on 820 patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were admitted to Princess Krishnajammanni trauma care centre (PKTCC), Mysore, which was converted to a designated COVID hospital between April 2021 to July 2021. After obtaining the informed consent, RT-PCR report, vaccination certificate and patient history, patients were classified according to their vaccination status. Results from the study showed decreases in serum ferritin levels, clinical symptoms, improvement in oxygen saturation, early recovery in patients having diabetes and hypertension, and a substantial reduction in the overall duration of hospital stay in vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients. Further, fully vaccinated patients showed better outcomes compared to single dose vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients. Taken together, our findings reaffirm the vaccine’s effectiveness in reducing case fatality and promoting faster recovery compared to nonvaccinated patients. Efforts to increase the number of immunized subjects in the community help to achieve herd immunity and offer protection against the severity of COVID-19 and associated complications while minimizing the public health and economic burden.

Association of vaccination status with the clinicobiochemical profile, hospital stay, and mortality in COVID‐19: A case–control study

“…Our findings on reduced ferritin levels in vaccinated COVID‐19 patients align with the study of Korishetter et al, 22 that compared the biochemical parameters in these patients with respect to vaccination status. Ferritin is an acute phase reactant and is known to contribute to the cytokine storm in COVID‐19 23 .…”

Prevalence and difference of COVID-19 symptoms, post-COVID conditions and duration of illness among the vaccinated and unvaccinated population: a cross-sectional study in Peshawar

“…A good approximation can be made that vaccination dose indeed reduces the rate of post-COVID-19 conditions, but there is a more pronounced effect on certain outcomes than others, with anosmia, fatigue, abnormal taste, and pain being the most consistent. Interestingly, our study did find a weak positive association with vertigo postvaccination, similar to how some studies report more vomiting in vaccinated groups 17 . The exact pathophysiology and sequence of events in ‘long COVID’ have yet to be fully studied.…”

“…Similarly, Korishettar et al . reported that the duration of hospital stay was lower in vaccinated patients (average of 5.65 days) than in unvaccinated patients (average of 9.43 days) 17 . Our study focused specifically on the duration of illness (Fig.…”

“… 16 reported an overall OR of less than 1 for almost all reported COVID-19 symptoms, such as anosmia, sore throat, hoarseness of voice, and tinnitus. Korishettar et al ., who conducted a cohort study on trauma care center patients, documented various parameters and compared vaccinated to nonvaccinated groups, showing an improvement in oxygen saturation (95 vs. 89% averages), serum ferritin levels (282 vs. 708 ng/dl), and dyspnea (54 vs. 40.4%) in vaccinated patients, as well as a reduction in other symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with an increase in vomiting occurring in the vaccinated group 17 .…”

“…The most significant benefit is seen in the prevention of severe COVID-19, which requires hospitalization and ICU admission. Previous studies have documented the ability of vaccination to reduce the likelihood of severe COVID-19 17 , 20 , 21 . Our study was community-based, and matched the results of other community-based studies but it did not focus on hospital settings.…”