“…Clinically, pediatric OSA always presents with loud and irregular snoring and sleep disorders, in contrast to adults, with a range of different symptoms including growth retardation, enuresis, and behavioral problems, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders ( Krysta et al, 2017 ). Besides, noteworthy neurocognitive impairments also occur in pediatric OSA, involving learning, memory, executive function, visuospatial function, and psychomotor development ( Copes and Rosentswieg, 1972 ; Hamasaki et al, 2007 ; Krysta et al, 2017 ), which severely diminished academic performance, social adaptation, and even the quality of life in children. Nevertheless, compared with adults, the scholars have paid little attention to brain abnormalities of pediatric OSA before.…”