Assessment of consumers’ awareness and ability to identify counterfeit drugs in developing countries in Africa – a cross sectional study based on online survey

Abstract

Background: Counterfeit drugs have been reported as the primary cause of increased morbidity and drug resistance in developing countries. However, consumers' awareness of the prevalence of fake drugs in developing countries remains unknown. Objectives: To assess consumers' awareness and the principal contributors to counterfeit drugs, and propose measures to curb this menace in developing countries. Method: Data were collected from participants from July 2020 to September 2020. In the questionnaire, there were three sections: (1) sociodemographic data; (2) knowledge about counterfeit medicines; and (3) ability to identify counterfeit medicines, rated on a five-point Likert scale. Sociodemographic factors and counterfeit medication identification rates were assessed using both deductive and inductive approach. Results: The study involved 365 participants. Out of which only 115 participants (29.6%, 95% CI ) reported to always confirm the authenticity of drugs they consume. It was significantly more likely that participants with older ages (p = 0.016), singles (p = 0.001), Nigerians (p = 0.001), and Ghanaians (p = 0.019) could identify counterfeit medications correctly. A significant number of participants said they would check the certification of medications (p = 0.015) and report counterfeit medications to authorities (p < 0.0001). Nigeria recorded a high level of awareness, which may be due to the high response rate by participants from Nigeria and improved technology for combating substandard drugs. Conclusion: This study assessed consumers' awareness of counterfeit drugs in selected developing countries and proposed measures that the government can implement in the fight against counterfeit drugs.

Perception of Consumers, Stakeholders, and Policy Makers on NAFDAC Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Interventions Regarding Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria

“…Building consumer trust through reliable sources, such as reputable pharmacies, is crucial in combating the issue of substandard and counterfeit drugs. Additionally, raising awareness among consumers about the importance of purchasing medicines from trusted sources and the potential risks associated with substandard drugs can empower them to make informed decisions about their health [22,23]. Addressing the accessibility and quality of medicines in Nigeria requires a collaborative effort involving regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, pharmacists, and consumers themselves.…”