Assessment of correlation of growth hormone receptor gene with tooth dimensions: A CBCT and genotyping study

Abstract

Aim: Assessment of root morphology, size, and amount of bone around tooth is essential before starting the orthodontic treatment. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between tooth dimensions with two gene variants of growth hormone (GH), namely rs6184 and rs6180. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 218 subjects (males: 104, females: 114) requiring orthodontic treatment. All underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan for orthodontic treatment planning with Kodak CBCT machine. In all teeth, crown height (CH), root length (RL), and crown–root ratio were evaluated. Two growth hormone receptor (GHR) variants (rs6184 and rs6180) were genotyped using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Results: The mean CH and RL of all teeth, that is, maxillary and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar, were measured. There was no significant difference in males and females ( P > 0.05). Allele frequencies of GHR variants for rs6180 and rs6184 were 48.1% and 8.92%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed GHR rs6184 association with maxillary central incisor CH, maxillary canine RL, mandibular canine CH, and mandibular first premolar RL ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was correlation of CH of maxillary and mandibular canine and RL of maxillary canine and mandibular first premolar with GHR rs6184.

The Role of GH/IGF Axis in Dento-Alveolar Complex from Development to Aging and Therapeutics: A Narrative Review

“…Among the various hormones and growth factors investigated, GH appears to be one of the most closely associated with dental maturity [ 8 ]. Recent studies have shown that GHR variants (rs6184 and rs6180) are associated with specific tooth and root dimensions [ 9 , 10 ], as well as with mandibular morphology [ 11 ]. Genetic polymorphisms in GHR (rs1509460) are also associated with developmental defects of enamel arguing for the GHR contribution to dental enamel synthesis and structure [ 12 ].…”

“…These data demonstrate the involvement of GH and GHR in physiological development of the dento-alveolar complex in addition to their well-known consequences when GH levels are deregulated notably on mandibular growth (prognathism or retrognathism). However, the beneficial or detrimental consequences of deregulated GH secretion on dento-alveolar complex are controversial, as reported recently for acromegaly, which does not appear to induce generalized hypertrophy of the gingiva or hypercementosis, but could protect from a severe periodontal disease by conferring more robust periodontal tissues [ 10 , 13 ] due to an increase in the levels of protective molecules such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) [ 14 ].…”

New Approach to Dental Morphometric Research Based on 3D Imaging Techniques

“…Thus, CBCT is widely in orthodontic research and diagnostics [43,44]. At the same time, this method provides access to inner dental morphology and roots which are concealed under bone tissue [45][46][47]. The increasing reliance on micro-computed tomography, especially in the recent two decades, allows for obtaining accurate and detailed images of outer and inner structures of teeth.…”

Influence of 3D models choice on cervical outline measurements of teeth

“…Actually different techniques can be used for measurements. Some researchers are interested in measuring the whole tooth dimensions (Yu et al, 2019), (Shinde et al, 2019), (Rathmann et al, 2019), however, probably the most widely used and regulated are measurements of crowns in buccal-lingual and mesial-distal dimensions, which can be used independently (Priyambadha and Artaria, 2016), (More et al, 2017) or in combination with other techniques (Xiao et al, 2014), (Glantz et al, 2008).…”