Abstract:This study examined the effect of induction heating on the microstructure and corrosion characteristics of hybrid friction stir welded AISI 410 stainless steel. Five joints have been produced with different friction stir welding parameters like welding speed, spindle speed, plunge depth, and induction power. Their microstructures were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, and chemical composition was examined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The rate of corrosion was found out via th… Show more
“…Figure 3 depicts the XRD test results for the Fe 5 Co 20 Ni 20 Mn 35 Cu 20 high-entropy alloy zone.DSS and V solid solutions were the metallographic phases of the high-entropy alloy in the weldment. To limit and control the reactivity of steel and aluminum, a large amount of vanadium was added to the HEAs fillers in the butting surface of the lap joint[51,52]. As a result, the large combining entropy of HEAs was able to improve elemental solubility.…”
The high entropy alloy (HEA) filler used during the fabrication method determines the reliability of HEAs for steel-aluminum dissimilar alloy configuration. HEAs have a direct impact on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed by the interaction of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al), and influence the size of the joint’s interaction zone. A novel welding process for Fe-Al alloy joints was developed to prevent the development of a brittle iron-aluminum interface. This research involved investigation of the possibility of using HEA powdered filler. Fe5Co20Ni20Mn35Cu20 HEAs was used as a filler for the laser joining lap configuration joining hyper-duplex stainless steel UNS S33207 to aluminum alloy 6061. This HEA has unique properties, such as high strength, good ductility, and high resistance to corrosion and wear. A tiny portion of the stainless-steel area was melted by varying the welding parameters. The high-entropy alloy (HEA) with slow kinetic diffusion and large entropy was employed to aid in producing solid solution structures, impeding the blending of iron and aluminum particles and hindering the development of Fe-Al IMCs. The weld seam was created without the use of Fe-Al IMCs,. The specimen broke at the HEAs/Al alloy interface with a tensile-shear strength of 237 MPa. The tensile-shear strength achieved was 12.86% higher than for the base metal AA 6061 and 75.57% lower than for the UNS S33207 hyper-duplex stainless steel.
“…Figure 3 depicts the XRD test results for the Fe 5 Co 20 Ni 20 Mn 35 Cu 20 high-entropy alloy zone.DSS and V solid solutions were the metallographic phases of the high-entropy alloy in the weldment. To limit and control the reactivity of steel and aluminum, a large amount of vanadium was added to the HEAs fillers in the butting surface of the lap joint[51,52]. As a result, the large combining entropy of HEAs was able to improve elemental solubility.…”
The high entropy alloy (HEA) filler used during the fabrication method determines the reliability of HEAs for steel-aluminum dissimilar alloy configuration. HEAs have a direct impact on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed by the interaction of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al), and influence the size of the joint’s interaction zone. A novel welding process for Fe-Al alloy joints was developed to prevent the development of a brittle iron-aluminum interface. This research involved investigation of the possibility of using HEA powdered filler. Fe5Co20Ni20Mn35Cu20 HEAs was used as a filler for the laser joining lap configuration joining hyper-duplex stainless steel UNS S33207 to aluminum alloy 6061. This HEA has unique properties, such as high strength, good ductility, and high resistance to corrosion and wear. A tiny portion of the stainless-steel area was melted by varying the welding parameters. The high-entropy alloy (HEA) with slow kinetic diffusion and large entropy was employed to aid in producing solid solution structures, impeding the blending of iron and aluminum particles and hindering the development of Fe-Al IMCs. The weld seam was created without the use of Fe-Al IMCs,. The specimen broke at the HEAs/Al alloy interface with a tensile-shear strength of 237 MPa. The tensile-shear strength achieved was 12.86% higher than for the base metal AA 6061 and 75.57% lower than for the UNS S33207 hyper-duplex stainless steel.
“…P-values less than 0.05 indicate model terms are significant. In this case, S, W, P, C, F, SW, SP, SF, WF, PC, CF, S², W², P², C², and F² are significant model terms [22]. Values above 0.1 specify the model terms are not significant.…”
The aluminium alloys 5052 and 6082 are extensively used in manufacturing lighter structural members, having improved strength and resistance to corrosion. Magnesium (Mg) and Chromium (Cr) powder were the filler materials selected for enhanced corrosion protection properties in this investigation. Friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters viz., spindle speed, welding speed, shoulder penetration, the centre distance between the holes and filler ratio are used to forecast the minimum corrosion rate from different weld regions of AA5052-AA6082 dissimilar joints. Response surface methodology based on a central composite design was used to evolve the mathematical models and estimate dissimilar FSW joints’ corrosion rates. Response optimization shows that the minimum corrosion rate was achieved by the welding parameters of spindle speed 1000 rev/min, welding speed 125 mm/min, holes spacing of 2 mm and filler ratio 95% of Mg and 5% of Cr.
“…[17] The influence of FSW parameters on different types of aluminum alloys with regard to mechanical and corrosion properties has been widely studied. [22][23][24][25][26] In this context, it has been pointed out that the heat input can be minimized by lowering the rotation speed while, at the same time, maintaining the traverse speed for better corrosion behavior. However, having sufficient frictional heat is crucial for providing the required temperature to influence corrosion behavior positively.…”
Friction stir welding enables joining of high‐strength, lightweight aluminum alloys, e.g., EN‐AW‐7075, below the melting point by induced plastic deformation. Therefore, heat transfer into the adjacent regions beneath the weld seam is significantly reduced as compared to fusion welding processes such as laser beam welding. However, specific zones along the weld seam area are susceptible to localized corrosion due to grain growth and the precipitation of intermetallic phases. Thus, several approaches toward lowering the corrosion susceptibility of the heat‐affected zone are presented. Special interest is given to increasing the plastic deformation by the use of novel multipin welding tools that eventually facilitate reduced heat input during welding as a result of substantially lower tool revolutions. The corrosion behavior is tested by means of full material immersion tests and electrochemical measurements which provide insight into the corrosion kinetics. Using pre‐ and postmortem microstructural analysis, the mechanisms influencing the initiation of corrosion can be identified. Supported by in‐operando temperature measurements, the varied welding parameters and their interrelationships to corrosion resistance can be derived. Furthermore, recommendations on optimal welding parameters to obtain enhanced corrosion resistance can be deduced.
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