Assessment of cues potentially mediating host selection of<i>Leptoglossus occidentalis</i>on<i>Pinus contorta</i>

Richardson, Tamara; Strong, Ward B.; Aukema, Brian H.; Takács, Stephen; Zahradnik, Tracy; Lindgren, B. Staffan

doi:10.1111/afe.12203

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A survey of seven seed orchards in the Province of BC detected variable levels of seed viability accompanied by an increase in the incidence of fungal colonization in mature seed of lodgepole pine. While all seed orchards demonstrated substantial fungal colonization of seeds in maturing cones, only those six orchards located in southern BC showed a significant decline in to constitute a substantial percentage of the remaining portion (Richardson et al 2016). Abiotic factors, such as high temperatures, may have an influence (Woods 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Bastide

LeBlanc

Kong

et al. 2019

Botany

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Lodgepole pine is an important lumber species in Canada and seed orchards are expected to meet the increased demand for seed. However, seed production has been consistently low in the Okanagan region orchards of British Columbia. To determine whether the fungal microbiome contributes to seed loss, histological and molecular approaches were used. Seed production was studied at seven Okanagan orchards, all outside the natural range of lodgepole pine, and at one near Prince George, within its natural range. Seed losses were highest in the Okanagan, compared with Prince George. The role of fungal colonizers in consuming seed during the last stages of maturation is described. Fungal hyphae were frequently observed at all locations in developing seed, particularly once storage substances accumulated. Fungi identified from host tissues using molecular and morphological techniques included Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Sydowia. The opportunistic foliar pathogen Sydowia polyspora, which is known to have a variable biotrophic status, was detected at most orchards within different host tissues (seeds, needles and conelets), in association with pollen and in the air column. Reduced seed viability observed in Okanagan orchards is most likely due to a combination of factors, including the composition of the fungal microbiome. KeywordsMicrobiome, endophyte, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson, Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. Müll. * Significant differences among sites are indicated by differing letters within a single column (Tukey, α = 0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know that external agents can be responsible for catastrophic seed losses. A seed-destroying insect pest, Leptoglossus occidentalis, is known to diminish seed yield (Richardson et al 2016). Internal factors in the host, such as selfing have also been proposed (Owens et al 2005), but have been ruled out by genetic testing (Michael Carlson pers.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Bastide

LeBlanc

Kong

et al. 2019

Botany

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“…Blatt and Borden () revealed a clonal preference in seed orchards of Lodgepole pine and Douglas‐fir and Richardson et al . () demonstrated that cone terpenes and cone size may also play an important role in the selection of the host by this bug species. Studies on cues mediating mature seed selection do not exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro X‐ray computed tomography suggests cooperative feeding among adult invasive bugs Leptoglossus occidentalis on mature seeds of stone pine Pinus pinea

Farinha

Branco

Pereira

et al. 2017

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The consumption of edible pine seeds of stone pine by the invasive Leptoglossus occidentalis represents a major concern for producers in Mediterranean countries but, to date, little knowledge is available about its feeding process on these seeds. 2 In the present study, we tested whether L. occidentalis is capable of feeding upon mature pine seeds and also estimated the impact that they may induce. 3 Sound pine seeds were offered to bugs under laboratory conditions. Seed content was analyzed via a multitechnique approach using a stereomicroscope, X-rays and microcomputed tomography, which was expected to better characterize the damage caused by this bug. 4 Adults of L. occidentalis were capable of feeding on mature seeds by piercing the hard and thick coat. However, the consumption was low and demonstrated a slow start, presumably as a result of the time and effort taken to drill a feeding hole. 5 A collaborative feeding process was suggested because all bugs in the same box appeared to have fed through the same hole in most cases. 6 Consumption was estimated to be approximately one-fifth of a seed kernel per bug per month. Consumed kernels appeared skunked and wrinkled.

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“…Regarding the selection of the tree, the bug tends to select vigorous trees, i.e. denser canopies and longer needles, (Farinha et al 2018b) bearing moderate crops because it is usually a sign of having larger cones and therefore larger seeds (Blatt 1997, Blatt and Borden 1999, Richardson et al 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although feeding on a wide range of conifers, L. occidentalis seems capable of distinguishing between clones of P. contorta (Blatt and Borden 1996, Richardson et al 2017 and between cones of P. pinea of different physiological status (Farinha et al 2018b). This host selection capability strongly indicates that the bug can probably discriminate between different host conifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stone pine, Pinus pinea L., a new highly rewarding host for the invasive Leptoglossus occidentalis

Farinha¹,

Durpoix²,

Valente³

et al. 2018

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The invasive seed bugLeptoglossusoccidentalis, a species native to Western North America, is of major concern for the producers of stone pine seeds in the Mediterranean countries. The large size of these edible seeds and their nutritive content may represent a pull factor for the seed bug. Cone and seed traits of three main Mediterranean pine species:P.pinea,P.pinaster, andP.halepensis, were evaluated. Preference trials with cone-bearing branches, individual cones and seeds were conducted to test host preference among the three host species.Considering the kernel size, stone pine seeds provide 4 to 13 times more reward thanP.pinasterandP.halepensisseeds, respectively, but also needed a greater effort to be reached as measured by coat thickness. Still, the benefit/cost ratio was higher onP.pinea. Individual seeds and cones ofP.pineawere 2 to 3 times more consumed than those of the two other pine species. However, branch preference trials did not reveal any difference in bug visits. Moreover, adults manifested strong group behaviour on branches, frequently dissociating into two persisting groups. The implications of these results forP.pineaproducing areas are discussed.

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Assessment of cues potentially mediating host selection ofLeptoglossus occidentalisonPinus contorta

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Micro X‐ray computed tomography suggests cooperative feeding among adult invasive bugs Leptoglossus occidentalis on mature seeds of stone pine Pinus pinea

The stone pine, Pinus pinea L., a new highly rewarding host for the invasive Leptoglossus occidentalis

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