Assessment of Culture and Laboratory Practices Related to Patient Safety in Brazilian Laboratories

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed at the simultaneous assessment of culture and laboratory practices related to patient safety in Brazilian laboratories, and validation of the proposed questionnaire. Methods:The questionnaire was based on the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, used by the 1.0 version of the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality and other bibliographical references. The sample consisted of 1414 professionals from 51 different Brazilian clinical laboratories. Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality criteria were used to define "strengths and weaknesses" related to patient safety. The psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire included the analysis of reliability and validity.Results: Patient safety in the laboratories was considered "excellent" (35.22%), "very good" (53.14%), "regular" (10.11%), "bad" (0.92%), and "very bad" (0.61%). The only dimension of culture with positivity less than 50% was "nonpunitive responses to errors" (30.74%). The dimensions on laboratory practices related to patient safety revealed positivity greater than 60%, with the "analytical" dimension (76.47%) being the highest. The psychometric evaluation revealed the reliability of the questionnaire, the applicability of 12 dimensions to assess culture, and 4 or 5 dimensions to assess laboratory practices related to patient safety. Conclusions:The culture and practices related to patient safety in Brazilian laboratories were evaluated as good, although a punitive culture against the occurrence of errors was identified. The psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire confirmed its reliability and validity. Studies performed in a larger and more diverse sample of clinical laboratories are needed to confirm the results obtained.