Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Tryptophan role in the Alleviation of the Toxic Action of Brominal Herbicide on Wheat Plants

Abstract

Cyanobacteria like Arthrospira platensis and Nostoc muscorum are known to be beneficial for plant development. They can improve plant growth, yield, proximate content (protein and carbohydrate), and stimulate plant tolerance to abiotic stresses like herbicides. In the present study, the impacts of brominal herbicide (Bh) alone or in combination with natural cyanobacterial or synthetic tryptophan treatments were investigated on the morphological and physiological parameters of wheat plants. The Bh treatment caused a reduction in all the estimated morphological and physiological parameters of the plants. The combination of Bh and cyanobacterial or tryptophan treatments could significantly increase the plant length, fresh and dry weights, and yield parameters (spike length, spike weight, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, and productivity). In addition, pigments, carbohydrates, and protein content was also reduced in response to the Bh treatment, while the antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation increased. Priming wheat grains in cyanobacterial aqueous extract and tryptophan before cultivation reversed the toxic effects of Bh application, amplified extra antioxidant ability, and decreased the lipid peroxidation of the plants. Finally, the combination of cyanobacterial and tryptophan as treatments for priming wheat grains before being sown in the soil should help to strengthen the defense systems of the wheat plant to tolerate the adverse effects of species-specific Bh upon application.

Tryptophan Seed Treatment Improves Morphological, Biochemical, and Photosynthetic Attributes of the Sunflower under Cadmium Stress

“…The present study enhanced the antioxidant activities in both conditions as Cd levels increased (Figures 4 and 5B). Similar increases in antioxidant activity were observed in different plant species, including wheat [70]. The results of our study explained that the plant grown with tryptophan seed treatment had much lower MDA levels than untreated stressed plants.…”

Mixotrophy of Algae: More Algal Biomass and More Biofertilization for Plants

“…The activities of nitrogen as well as nitrate reductases may be responsible for the improvement in growth and nitrogen contents in response to the application of cyanobacteria as bio-fertilizers on seed and related processes of wheat, sorghum, maize, and lentil [65]. From previous reports, the development of plants is known to be aided by cyanobacteria like Arthrospira platensis and Nostoc muscorum, which can increase plant growth, yield, protein and carbohydrate content [66]. According to [67,68], wheat plants treated with various cyanobacterial strains, such as Nostoc sp., Anabaena sp., Chroococcidiopsis sp., Calothrix sp., and Phormidium sp., showed improvements in shoot length, lateral root formation, dry weight, and leaf area.…”