Assessment of different soil to water ratios (1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5) in soil salinity studies

Sönmez, Sahriye; Büyüktaş, Dursun; Öktüren, Filiz; Çıtak, Sedat

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.005

Cited by 183 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Many soil EC methods have been assessed in an effort to improve efficiency and reduce costs for determining soil salinity. Determining the extent of salinity using various soil-to-water suspension ratios (e.g., 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5, and 1:10 soil-to-water suspensions) is a more timeand cost-effective method as compared with using the standard saturated paste extract EC e (Sonmez et al 2008;He et al 2013). Remediation strategies for brine spills rely on having accurate, reliable, and timely data so that the spill area can be delineated and contained, and so first-response remediation actions can be made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of soil-to-water suspension ratios for determining electrical conductivity of oil-production-water-contaminated soils

et al. 2016

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Soil salinity caused by oil-production-water (brine) contamination is a major issue in regions of oil and gas development. However, rapid site assessment tools such as soil-to-water suspension electrical conductivity (EC) methods and conversion equations have not been previously calibrated and validated for brine-contaminated soils. Our objective was to compare three soil EC methods and derive conversion equations for EC values commonly observed at brine-spill sites. Brine-contaminated soils from western North Dakota were assessed for salinity. Electrical conductivity was determined using 1:1 and 1:5 soil-to-water suspensions (EC 1:1 , EC 1:5 ) and saturated paste extracts (EC e ). Soil EC equilibration times for soil-to-water suspensions were also assessed. Significant relationships (r 2 = 0.91 to 0.97, P < 0.0001) existed among all methods for EC values ranging between 0 and 126 dS m −1 . Conversion equations were developed based on these relationships and then validated with an independent data set. These new equations reduced EC e prediction errors by 2 to 4.5 times when compare with 14 predictive equations reported in the literature. The conversion equations developed here are recommended for use in remediation efforts when converting EC 1:1 and EC 1:5 data to EC e on brine-contaminated and noncontaminated soils where EC e is highly correlated to Na concentrations.Key words: soil salinity, electrical conductivity, oil production, saturated paste, soil-to-water suspension, brine.Résumé : La salinité du sol résultant de la contamination de ce dernier par l'eau des puits de pétrole (saumure) est un problème majeur dans les régions où l'on exploite des nappes de pétrole et de gaz. Cependant, les outils d'évaluation rapide des sites comme la conductivité électrique (CE) d'une suspension de sol dans l'eau et les équations de conversion n'ont jamais été étalonnés ni validés pour les sols contaminés de la sorte. Les auteurs voulaient comparer trois méthodes reposant sur la CE et dériver les équations de conversion pour les valeurs les plus couramment observées là où de la saumure a été accidentellement déversée. Pour cela, ils ont évalué la salinité de sols de l'ouest du Dakota Nord pollués par de la saumure. La conductivité électrique a été déterminée grâce à des suspensions 1: 1 et 1: 5 de sol dans l'eau (EC 1:1 , EC 1:5 ) et à des extraits de pâte de papier saturée (EC e ). Parallèlement, ils ont établi le temps nécessaire pour que les suspensions de sol dans l'eau parviennent à la CE d'équilibre. Il existe des relations significatives (r 2 = 0,91 à 0,97, P < 0,0001) entre les différentes méthodes testées pour les valeurs de la CE situées entre 0 et 126 dS par m. Des équations de conversion ont été élaborées d'après ces relations, puis validées avec un jeu de données indépendant. Les nouvelles équations réduisent les erreurs de prévision pour EC e par un facteur de 2 à 4,5 comparativement à 14 équations similaires trouvées dans la littérature. Les auteurs préconisent l'utilisation de leurs équations da...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of soil-to-water suspension ratios for determining electrical conductivity of oil-production-water-contaminated soils

et al. 2016

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“…ECe (saturated past) was calculated by using the following robust (r 2 =0.98) equation, as proposed by Sonmez et al (2008) …”

Section: Plant Material Salt Treatments and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity

Mola¹,

Guida

Mistretta

et al. 2018

Ital J Agronomy

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The soil salinity increase in the Mediterranean basin is one of the consequences of the climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to salinity, in conditions of higher temperatures, in order to hypothesise the future use of giant reed under these conditions. The trial was carried out in pots under a permanent metal structure, open on the sides and with a clear PE on the top. Four levels of soil salinity in the range 3.3-15.5 dS m -1 were imposed. The stem number of the most stressed treatment was about 45% lower than the control and also the stem height was lower than in all other treatments. The green and yellow leaf number decreased as the soil salinity increased, and their sum was significantly lower in the two most stressed treatments. Osmotic potential of the leaf sap was not affected by salinity. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in the saline treatments were lower than in the control. Assimilation rate showed similar pattern of stomatal conductance. Intrinsic WUE remained almost stable until July and increased during August under the most stressful conditions. PSII photochemistry was not affected by soil salinity. Biomass yield was not different from the control until to soil ECe 12.0 dS m -1 : only the most stressed treatment (15.5 dS m -1 ) caused yield losses (50%). Tolerance threshold to salinity was 11.2 dS m -1 and the relative yield losses were 11.6% per dS m -1 .

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“…Before the measurements, the pH meter was calibrated using standard solutions of pH 4 and pH 7. EC was measured in 1:5 soil-water extract by means of a conductivity meter (Sonme et al 2008). To determine total concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn in the soil, 0.100 g of dried soil was digested and the elemental concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, USA).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal elimination from industrial wastewater using natural substrate on pitcher irrigation

Najafi

Asgari

Samadi

2016

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Combination of pitcher irrigation with drip irrigation system could be resulted in prolonging the secondary treatment period, as it could be an efficient system in which municipal and industrial wastewater can be treated and heavy metals can be reduced. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with three treatments [clay pitcher included natural zeolite Clinoptilolite (NZ), perlite (P) and vermiculite (V)] which filled half of the volume of a clay pitcher with five replications for each treatments. Beside each tree, one pitcher was placed at 50 cm depth. The soil of each hole was initially sampled, sealed, and transported to the laboratory. The pitchers were irrigated with treated industrial wastewater (from steel factory) 60 times (1500 cc per each irrigation event) over a period of six months. At the end of experiment period, the pitchers were removed and samples were taken from the substrate inside each pitcher and from the soil near the walls and bottoms of the holes. The sealed samples were transported to the laboratory for analyzing heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the used substrates in this experiment have high ability to absorb some heavy metals, especially Pb and Zn which concentration were increased in final value 75 and 80 times compared with initial values, respectively. However, an increase of these two elements in the soil (Zn = 26 and Pb = 71 ppm) nearby the pitcher indicate that the used substrates have limitations in absorption capacity for the heavy metals in high concentration of them in the wastewater. As this is related to their surface area, application of a nano form of the substrates such as nano zeolite might remarkably increase their cation exchange capacity and surface area.

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Assessment of different soil to water ratios (1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5) in soil salinity studies

Cited by 183 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of soil-to-water suspension ratios for determining electrical conductivity of oil-production-water-contaminated soils

Comparison of soil-to-water suspension ratios for determining electrical conductivity of oil-production-water-contaminated soils

Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity

Heavy metal elimination from industrial wastewater using natural substrate on pitcher irrigation

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