Assessment of different ways of improving promising potato varieties and hybrids

Abstract

The results of application of the apical meristem method for the selection of regenerant plants free of pathogens are presented. The study was carried out in laboratory and field conditions of Kemerovo region (2016–2019). The objects of research were a new variety of Pamyati Anoshkinoi and promising hybrids 6-14-11, 22103-10. The experiment on the health improvement of potatoes was carried out by the following methods: 1) the use of chemotherapy with the addition of virus inhibitors to the nutrient medium on the samples containing a viral infection in a latent form; 2) study of vegetative plants of different ages healthy from pathogens using apical and axillary buds as explants. Antiviral drugs and their concentrations were identified: virazole 0.01% + chitosan 0.05% + interferon 0.05% (a combination of drugs) and cycloferon 0.05%, completely suppressing viral infection SBK and MBK in the Pamyati Anoshkinoi variety and 22103-10 hybrid, and YBK in 6-14-11 hybrid. The use of these drugs makes it possible to obtain from 10 to 50% of viable meristems free from viral infections. Research into the improvement of vegetative plants of potato variety Pamyati Anoshkinoi and 22103-10 hybrid revealed phases of growth and development with less accumulation of viral and fungal infections – a period of plant regrowth of 15–20 cm and a phase of flowering. Isolation of the apical meristem from the apical and axillary buds of healthy vegetative plants in these phases of development has a positive effect on the survival of the meristems (3050%), and makes it possible to obtain from 30.0 to 43.3% of regenerant plants free from infections, which ensures a reliable yield in vitro material and reduces the period for obtaining healthy lines by 6.9 times.