To continuously and effectively control the potential risk factors of digital libraries, further improve the quality of digital library usage, ensure the smooth operation and information security of digital libraries, a security and risk factor control model for digital libraries based on the Plan-Do-Check-Action is constructed. A digital library security and risk identification model based on improved support vector machines is constructed. Based on the obtained risk identification results, a Plan-Do-Check-Action management model is implemented for information security in digital libraries. The R2L dataset in the network attack dataset is used for training and testing model performance. Then the proposed method is applied to two different digital libraries. The average accuracy of the risk identification model proposed in the research is 96.46%. The risk error of each level is maintained within 0.4%, which is within an acceptable range. The proposed method has a high recognition effect. It can be used to identify common security and risk issues encountered in digital libraries, and improve the information security performance.