Assessment of diuretic effects and changes in plasma aldosterone concentration following oral administration of a single dose of furosemide or azosemide in healthy dogs

Abstract

In healthy dogs, a moderate dose of azosemide caused sufficient diuretic action and increased PAC to a lesser extent than furosemide.

Comparison of the diuretic effect of furosemide by different methods of administration in healthy dogs

“…Renin secretion initiates the renin–angiotensin system and results in vasoconstriction leading to increase afterload, which is deleterious in chronic heart failure . Strong diuresis with furosemide causes reduction of circulating volume and can trigger the secretion of renin . Our study showed increased renin activity, packed cell volume, and total protein, suggesting circulatory volume reduction after all routes of furosemide administration, but the greatest increase was seen in the CRI group.…”

Differences in the Duration of Diuretic Effects and Impact on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System of Furosemide in Healthy Dogs

“…Additionally, a recent study showed that torasemide is associated with lower mortality compared with furosemide in patients with CHF [7]. Similarly, our previous data suggested that azosemide causes mild and long-acting effects with minimal activation of the RAA system compared with furosemide in normal dogs [16]. In human patients with chronic heart failure, azosemide treatment significantly improves clinical symptoms and attenuates the plasma renin activity and norepinephrine concentrations as compared with furosemide treatment [32].…”

“…The plasma sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations (mEq/l) were measured with an electrolyte analyzer (EA06T, A&T Co, Kanagawa, Japan). The plasma aldosterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (Aldosterone-RIA kit II, Yamasa Co, Chiba, Japan) [16]. Similarly, the plasma renin activities were determined by radioimmunoassay (SRL renin kit, TFB Co., Tokyo, Japan) [31].…”

“…Although furosemide is commonly used in clinical settings, its main complication is that patients with CHF develop resistance to loop diuretics due to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and an increase in sodium reabsorption at diuretic-insensitive sites in the nephron [6,10,11,28]. Additionally, furosemide activates the renin-angiotensinaldosterone (RAA) system and the sympathetic nervous system [14,16,32].…”

“…Although furosemide is commonly used in clinical settings, its main complication is that patients with CHF develop resistance to loop diuretics due to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and an increase in sodium reabsorption at diuretic-insensitive sites in the nephron [6,10,11,28]. Additionally, furosemide activates the renin-angiotensinaldosterone (RAA) system and the sympathetic nervous system [14,16,32].In contrast to furosemide, previous studies have revealed that long-acting loop diuretics have clinical efficacy; they cause less activation of the RAA system, reduce diuretic resistance, improve ventricular fibrosis and decrease the mortality rate in both humans and animal models [7,17,23,37]. Furosemide treatment for 14 days leads to diuretic resistance in dogs, but this does not occur with torasemide [17].…”