Assessment of divine proportion in the cranial structure of individuals with Angle Class II malocclusion on lateral cephalograms

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The study of the Divine Proportion (Φ = 1.618) began with the Greeks, having as main researchers the mathematician Pythagoras and the sculptor Phidias. In Dentistry, Ricketts (1981-82) was an early to study this issue. OBJECTIVE: This study proposed to evaluate how some cephalometric measures are presented in relation to the Divine Proportion, with the total of 52 proportions, formed by 28 cephalometric landmarks. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 40 Class II adults patients aging from 17 to 45 years (13 male and 27 female) were evaluated. The linear distances between the landmarks were measured using Radiocef Studio software. RESULTS: After statistical analysis, the data shown an average of 65,48% in the Divine Proportion, 17,5% in the relation Ans-Op/V1S-DM16 and 97,5% in the relations Na-Me/Na-PoNa e Na-PoNa/Na-Gn. CONCLUSION: Among all cephalometric measurements investigated, the lower facial third and the dental arches showed the smallest percentages of Divine Proportion

Golden Proportion Analysis of Dental–Skeletal Patterns of Class II and III Patients Pre and Post Orthodontic-orthognathic Treatment

“…Scolozzi et al 5 defended that the use of cephalometric analysis inspired on the divine proportion as a guideline for the production of proportional faces may only be effective in the lower third of the face. In contrast, however, Silva et al 25 demonstrated that the lower facial third and the dental arches are less likely to be correlated to the golden proportion. Baker and Woods 14 did not observe any correlation between the facial changes achieved by orthognathic surgery and the golden proportion, and suggested that the golden proportion may only be used in combination with other methods for cephalometric and facial assessment.…”

“…Researchers from varied areas have been motivated to study the possibility of facial-skeletal measurements to be related with ideal proportions, 24 so that esthetics may be scientifically assessed rather than based on subjective judgements. 21,25 Jefferson 24 suggested that individuals' dental-skeletal parameters tend to develop according to the golden proportion, since it would be beneficial not only for esthetic reasons but also physiologically. However, dental and facial characteristics may differ and suffer genetic variations and environmental influences.…”

Análise do perfil facial esquelético e de tecidos moles pré e pós-cirurgia ortognática em pacientes Classe II e III, e sua relação com a proporção áurea

“…Pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas foram motivados a estudar a relação de mensurações faciais esqueléticas com proporções consideradas ideais 11 , de maneira que a estética fosse caracterizada precisa e cientificamente, e não por meio de avaliações subjetivas 12,13 . Jefferson 11 sugeriu que, quando os parâmetros dentoesqueléticos de cada indivíduo tendem a se desenvolver de acordo com a proporção áurea, há um benefício tanto estético quanto psicológico.…”