Assessment of drinking water quality in the Al-Gassim region of Saudi Arabia

Magid, Hago M. Abdel

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(97)81162-2

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The values were within the range of SSMO and WHO. It is within the optimum pH of water as confirmed by (Abdel-Magid 1997). TDS registered values were 353.5 mg/l, 385.7 mg/l and 378.3 mg/l in autumn, winter and summer, respectively.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of the Water Samplessupporting

confidence: 70%

Seasonal quality of water sources indicated by Escherichia coli: a case of Elobied, North Kordofan state, Sudan

Edam¹,

Abdelgalil

2022

Appl Water Sci

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Sudan is rich of water resources; however, the seasonal quality of water sources is largely unknown particularly in North Kordofan region. This study was designed to test the seasonal (winter, summer and autumn) quality of water sources in El Obied, North Kordofan State, Sudan. A number of 261 water samples (87 samples per season) were collected from Hafirs (excavated either by hand or machine and used for storage of surface water), Gerab (big water containers made from plastic and used to store water at homes), hand pumps, distribution network, households’ containers and elevated water tanks in 2014/2015. Membrane filtration technique was used to investigate water samples. Escherichia coli or E. coli count was performed according to WHO and Sudanese Standards and Measurement Operation. The results illustrated that all samples collected showed positive results of E. coli which indicate poor water quality in the region. Proportion of contamination was highest in Hafirs, Gerabs and household containers across seasons. Hafirs samples were 100% contaminated across seasons. In autumn, Gerab and household containers samples showed 60% and 58% contaminated samples. In the summer season, the results showed 54% of Gerab, and 50% of the households’ containers were contaminated. In winter season, prevalence of E. coli revealed that 67% of households’ containers and 58% of Gerabs samples were contaminated. Greater contamination (60%) of the water sources was indicated in autumn followed by (55%) in winter and (51%) in summer season. Results showed significant contamination of water sources across seasons. Results indicated that elevated water tanks and hand pumps (groundwater sources) were safe compared with surface water source. The study recommended regular test to water sources across seasons to protect human and animal life.

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Section: Physical Characteristics Of the Water Samplessupporting

confidence: 70%

Seasonal quality of water sources indicated by Escherichia coli: a case of Elobied, North Kordofan state, Sudan

Edam¹,

Abdelgalil

2022

Appl Water Sci

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“…In Saudi Arabia very low plate counts (0-1 / ml) were obtained in bottled waters of 0.5l to 1.5 l capacity as compared to large sized bottles where the numbers shot up to 3 -276 / ml (Al Abdula-Aly and Khan 1995Khan , 1999. In yet another study (Abdel-Majid 1997) in Al-Gassin region of Saudi Arabia, total coliforms (>180/100 ml) were 'too numerous to count. In Los Angeles water vending machines showed 163 times higher bacterial counts as compared to tap water (Dan Rutz, 1996).…”

Section: Packaged Water -B Typementioning

confidence: 95%

Quality of packaged waters sold in ibadan, nigeria

Ajayi¹,

Sridhar²,

Adekunle³

et al. 2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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The inadequacy of pipe borne water supplies in urban centres is a growing problem. As a result, communities resort to buying water from vendors. In recent years, sachet or bottled water became major sources of drinking water in the households and at work. This study aimed at assessing the chemical and bacteriological quality of packaged water sold in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State with a population over 3.2 million. A total number of 118 samples of water from several commercial brands sold in the city of Ibadan were selected by simple random sampling. These were of three categories, those that are packed and sealed in bottles by larger factories (bottled water), those sealed in nylon sachets by small scale industries (A Type), and those put in nylon sachets and manually tied by itinerary vendors (B Type). These samples were subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis. Hanna C 100 spectrophotometer and analytical quality chemical reagents were used for chemical analyses. MacConkey broth (MB) and Brilliant Green Bile Broth (BGBB) were used for bacteriological analysis using multiple tube method as described in APHA Standard Methods. The results showed that while the physical parameters were within WHO limits for drinking water quality guidelines values, 30 % of the samples showed rather poor quality. The pH values ranged between 6.6 -9.7 and aluminum ranged from 0.00 -0.34 mg/1, fluoride from 0.01 -1.87mg/l and cyanide from 0.0 -0.175 which were not within permissible limits. Bacteriological analysis showed that 5% of the 78 samples (A Type), and 28% of the 30 samples (B Type) tested showed positive coliform counts . The dominant bacteria were Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus the bottled waters were satisfactory, but the sachet waters were found not satisfactory. Based n the results, it is recommended that the enforcement agencies in the country (NAFDAC and the Ministry of Health) need to get the producers of 'packaged water' to comply with the national drinking water guidelines. Communities on their part should be educated and enlightened on the ill effects of patronizing fake vendors.

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“…Moreover, the absence of the daily cleaning practice, prior to filling the water containers, allows growth of bacteria, algae and other microorganisms, especially in overlooked locations. The hoses that are usually used for filling the containers are another potential source of bacterial contamination (Abdel- Magid ,1997). The mechanism of pathogenic contamination in public water stands is independent of pollution at the groundwater source.…”

Section: Groundwater Samples Of Hattab Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%