Assessment of drugs in general practice.

Salkind,

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb03716.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…(b) The time period over which symptoms are to be measured Salkind (1976), in a discussion of anxiety, has observed that there are three patterns of symptomatology in relation to time. The first pattern (A) is exemplified by respondents who, in response to stress, produce acute, short lived symptoms.…”

Section: (A) Number Versus Severity Of Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case definition and case identification in psychiatric epidemiology: review and assessment

Williams¹,

Tarnopolsky²,

Hand³

1980

Psychol. Med.

127

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SYNOPSISPsychiatric epidemiology has advanced considerably since early studies of hospital populations. The direction of this advance has been away from the study of populations of hospital psychiatric patients towards the study of psychiatric disorder in general practice and the community as a whole. Just as the populations under study have different defining characteristics, so have the individuals who comprise them. Psychosis becomes less and less common at greater distances from the hospital patient, and in the community the epidemiologist is faced with large numbers of respondents who present with fewer, minor and non-specific symptoms.In this review, we present evidence to indicate that concepts of case definition and case identification are insufficiently advanced so far, and are still rooted in ideas derived from hospital psychiatry. Foremost among these is an exclusive preoccupation with diagnosis and symptoms. We suggest that this may be inadequate for the study of non-psychotic disturbance in the community, and discuss other models of case definition, encompassing personality and social functioning as well as psychiatric symptomatology.

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Section: (A) Number Versus Severity Of Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case definition and case identification in psychiatric epidemiology: review and assessment

Williams¹,

Tarnopolsky²,

Hand³

1980

Psychol. Med.

127

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The meaning and significance of caseness: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview II

Sandanger

Moum

Ingebrigtsen³

et al. 1999

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

122

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In previous analyses of data from the present general population study we found that screening of anxiety and depression symptoms by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and diagnostic classification by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) identified the same amount of cases, but agreed in only half of them. In this paper we compared and validated the screening cases with the classificatory cases by the use of medication, loss of functioning and help seeking (illness indicators). We thought that the CIDI cases would have more illness indicators, because they reflected diagnoses, "true illness", in contrast to the HSCL-25, which was a more unspecific measure of distress. The HSCL-25 and the illness indicators data were collected in a stage I random individual population sample above 18 years during 1989-1991 (N = 1879, response rate 74%), the CIDI data were collected in a selected stage II, (N = 606, response rate 77%). The stage II data were weighted to represent the population sample. Screening cases by the HSCL-25 had significantly more illness indicators than diagnostic cases by the CIDI. Cases agreed upon with both instruments had the most illness indicators, cases agreed upon only by the CIDI had the least. Diagnoses give information about help eventually needed, the HSCL-25 distress measure expresses more the urgency with which it is needed. The choice between the HSCL-25 and the CIDI would depend on the aim and the resources of the study. If evaluation of needs is involved, using an instrument picking up both classification and distress would be the best choice. Given our positive experience with interviewing with the CIDI, a CIDI improved to be more sensitive to how much distress a certain diagnosis exerts on the individual would be a good choice.

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Evaluation of psychotropic drugs

Tyrer¹

1982

Drugs in Psychiatric Practice

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Assessment of drugs in general practice.

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Case definition and case identification in psychiatric epidemiology: review and assessment

Case definition and case identification in psychiatric epidemiology: review and assessment

The meaning and significance of caseness: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview II

Evaluation of psychotropic drugs

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