“…This ratio has proven especially effective to detect benthic disturbances in response to human pressures resulting from oil spills or offshore oil and gas production (e.g. Gomez and Dauvin, 2000;Nikitik and Robinson, 2003;Andrade and Renaud, 2011;Joydas et al, 2011Joydas et al, , 2012Sukumaran et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2014;Spagnolo et al, 2014), organic enrichment in sediments due to sewage discharge , 2012bVazirizadeh and Arebi, 2011;Subida et al, 2012;Pinedo et al, 2012;Serrano et al, 2014), fish farms (Keeley et al, 2012;Jahani et al, 2012;Karakassis et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Riera and de-laOssa-Carretero, 2013;Aguado-Giménez et al, 2015), organic and heavy metal contamination and diverse human activities (Dauvin et al, , 2012Munari and Mistri, 2007;Pranovi et al, 2007;Blanchet et al, 2008;Bakalem et al, 2009;Grimes et al, 2010;Pelin, 2011;Wetzel et al, 2012;Caglar and Albayrak, 2012;Saddik and Zourarah, 2013;Taupp and Wetzel, 2013), mosaic of habitats (Bouchet and Sauriau, 2008;Munari and Mistri, 2008;Lavesque et al, 2009;Do et al, 2011Do et al, , 2012Culhane, 2012), eutrophication (Afli et al, 2008;Zhang et al, ...…”