This review discusses the NDE measurements and standards developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) during the last decade. These measurements and standards, which have been primarily developed to meet the needs of postmanufacturing and in-service inspection, include those for ultrasonic and acoustic emission methods; electromagnetic methods (eddy currents, magnetic measurements, and light scattering and capacitive techniques for surface roughness); and miscellaneous methods (infrared thermography, leak testing, visual acuity, and X-ray radiography). The theoretical and experimental bases of these methods are emphasized wherever possible.