Background
Electronic health records are central to cancer care delivery. Electronic clinical decision support (CDS) systems can potentially improve cancer care quality and safety. However, little is known regarding the use of CDS in clinical oncology and their impact on patient outcomes.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies evaluating outcomes of electronic CDS systems for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care. Peer-reviewed studies published between 1995 and 2016 were included if they assessed clinical outcomes, patient reported outcomes (PROs), costs, or care delivery process measures.
Results
Electronic database searches yielded 2,439 potentially eligible papers; 24 studies were included after final review. Most studies used an uncontrolled, pre-post intervention design. Twenty-three of 24 studies reported improvement in key study outcomes with use of oncology CDS systems. Twelve studies assessed CDS for computerized chemotherapy order entry, demonstrating reductions in prescribing error rates, medication-related safety events, and workflow interruptions. The remaining studies examined oncology clinical pathways, guideline adherence, systems for collection and communication of PROs, and prescriber alerts.
Conclusions
There is a paucity of data evaluating clinically relevant outcomes of CDS system implementation in oncology care. Currently available data suggests that CDS can have a positive impact on the quality of cancer care delivery. However, there is a critical need to rigorously evaluate CDS systems to better understand how oncology CDS can be implemented to improve patient outcomes.