Assessment of electric vehicle and photovoltaic integration for oil palm mechanisation practise

Azwan, M.B.; Norasikin, A.L.; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Rahim, Syarifah Abd; Norman, K.; Ramdhan, K.; Solah, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.016

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Li et al, 2019). Solar energy technology on-board a farm vehicle in Malaysia can provide at least 25% of the energy to power an agriculture electric vehicle (Azwan et al, 2017) for an oil palm plantation operation. It is due to the fact that Malaysia receives about 4,000 to 5,000W/m 2 average solar irradiance and average sunshine duration between 4 to 8 hours a day (Daut et al, 2012).…”

Section: Advantage Disadvantagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prototype comprised a 7HP air-cooled diesel power engine, belted continuous variable transmission system, 20Watt solar photovoltaic and other auxiliaries. The diesel-powered machine with an electric starter and rectifier generator was selected since the power is adequate to cater for a proposed gross load of 400kg based on the free force analysis (Azwan et al, 2017). The chassis of the three-wheeled utility vehicle was selected since the vehicle concept is widely used in Malaysian oil palm plantation operation (Awaludin et al, 2015) and provides low cost of development.…”

Section: Hybrid Power Utility Vehicle For Herbicide Sprayingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study utilised the software developed by the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory in simulating the energy generation and consumption based on input provided to the software. The software provides significant simulation results such as optimisation of the configuration, capacity of the energy generation for the intended application, and the techno-economic analysis of the system (Azwan et al, 2017). The input data and design are discussed as follows: Figure 2 depicts the schematic diagram of the proposed design.…”

Section: Homer Software Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on Hybrid Power Vehicle for Electric Spraying Application

Bakri

J²,

S³

et al. 2020

Adv Agric Food Res J

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Agriculture currently relies more on fossil fuel power for its mechanised operation. However, electric power system embedded in agriculture machinery enables farm electrification that provides numerous advantages such as improve work efficiency, ease of equipment control, reduce energy requirement and more ergonomic. This study aims to analyse a hybrid power farm vehicle configuration to enable the electrification of farm operation such as herbicide spraying. Two methodologies were presented for this study, which is simulation analysis and in-field test validation. HOMER software indicated that fraction of energy for herbicide spraying operation and charging the battery pack is 70% from solar energy and 30% from the rectifier engine output. The 20-Watt solar photovoltaic was selected due to installation area constraint on the farm utility vehicle and simulation results indicates the capacity is adequate for the intended purpose. Besides that, the simulation results also show the setup incurred lower energy cost up to 30% as compared to direct utilisation of the fossil fuel generator for the herbicide spraying. The in-field test study has validated the simulation results. The analysis indicated that the battery performance was consistent throughout the trial for almost two months of operation at the area covered for nearly 150 ha. The productivity of the machine obtained through the test was in average of 8 ha per day for a single man operation. In conclusion, the study shows that incorporation of solar power as opportunity charging could stabilise battery condition and will prolong battery health. The results also indicate that electrification of the farm equipment and its application could bring the desired positive result in farm activity. Thus, a more sustainable development approach of agriculture practice could be met.

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Section: Advantage Disadvantagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Power Utility Vehicle For Herbicide Sprayingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homer Software Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on Hybrid Power Vehicle for Electric Spraying Application

Bakri

J²,

S³

et al. 2020

Adv Agric Food Res J

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“…The terminal voltage is obtained by substituting Equation (15) into Equation (16) solving with the quadratic equation:…”

Section: Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, the majority of the literature for OBPV with commercial vehicles does not consider all-electric powertrains. A small amount of literature exists for light-and medium-duty commercial electric vehicles: for instance, References [14,15] each investigated OBPV for agricultural electric vehicles. The authors have also previously considered OBPV for an electric bus in [16], showing that OBPV could potentially extend battery life or allow for battery size reduction, based on simulation results on a single clear day-this paper represents an expanded version of that analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of On-Board Photovoltaics for a Battery Electric Bus and Their Impact on Battery Lifespan

Mallon

Assadian

2017

Energies

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Heavy-duty electric powertrains provide a potential solution to the high emissions and low fuel economy of trucks, buses, and other heavy-duty vehicles. However, the cost, weight, and lifespan of electric vehicle batteries limit the implementation of such vehicles. This paper proposes supplementing the battery with on-board photovoltaic modules. In this paper, a bus model is created to analyze the impact of on-board photovoltaics on electric bus range and battery lifespan. Photovoltaic systems that cover the bus roof and bus sides are considered. The bus model is simulated on a suburban bus drive cycle on a bus route in Davis, CA, USA for a representative sample of yearly weather conditions. Roof-mounted panels increased vehicle driving range by 4.7% on average annually, while roof and side modules together increased driving range by 8.9%. However, variations in weather conditions meant that this additional range was not reliably available. For constant vehicle range, rooftop photovoltaic modules extended battery cycle life by up to 10% while modules on both the roof and sides extended battery cycle life by up to 19%. Although side-mounted photovoltaics increased cycle life and range, they were less weight-and cost-effective compared to the roof-mounted panels.

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Mathematical Modelling and Optimisation for Fresh Fruit Bunch Harvesting and Evacuation

Lim

How

et al. 2022

Sustainable Technologies for the Oil Palm Industry

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Assessment of electric vehicle and photovoltaic integration for oil palm mechanisation practise

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

A Study on Hybrid Power Vehicle for Electric Spraying Application

A Study on Hybrid Power Vehicle for Electric Spraying Application

Analysis of On-Board Photovoltaics for a Battery Electric Bus and Their Impact on Battery Lifespan

Mathematical Modelling and Optimisation for Fresh Fruit Bunch Harvesting and Evacuation

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