Assessment of Electrical Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers Exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G Signals within Environmental Levels: A Controlled–Randomised Study

Jamal, Layla; Yahia-Cherif, Lydia; Hugueville, Laurent; Mazet, Paul; Lévêque, Philippe; Selmaoui, Brahim

doi:10.3390/ijerph20186793

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

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The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the human resting state wake EEG and event‐related potential: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prins,

Baas,

van der Meer

et al. 2024

Bioelectromagnetics

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The rapid growth of mobile phone usage and its use of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF) have raised concerns about potential health risks. Researchers have conducted studies to examine the effects of RF‐EMF on the brain using electroencephalography (EEG). We conducted a systematic quality assessment and meta‐analysis of published research in this field to establish high‐quality studies as references for future protocols. The electronic search yielded 244 records from which a total of 51 studies were included in the review after excluding studies based on study design, and data or report availability. Of these 51 studies, 31 (61%) focused on resting state wake EEG and 20 (39%) on event‐related potentials (ERP). None of the 51 studies were free from risk of bias. From the 51 included studies, we were able to use seven studies to create three different groups for meta‐analysis for resting state wake EEG and five studies to create 10 different groups for meta‐analysis for ERP. Per group the number of studies varies from 1 to 5. Our procedure is the first systematic quality assessment in this field and revealed three important findings. First, there is evidence of an effect on the EEG of a 2G protocol using an eyes‐open condition. Second, we did not find evidence for EEG effects during task performance. This suggests that the impact of EMF during task performance is less pronounced compared to the resting state condition. Third, this meta‐analysis shows that the field is unable to create an evidence base for most comparisons due to heterogeneity. We therefore advise that all future studies are double‐blind in nature, adhere to the methodological standard of randomized experiments, and publish their protocols first.

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The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the human resting state wake EEG and event‐related potential: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prins,

Baas,

van der Meer

et al. 2024

Bioelectromagnetics

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Repeated head-exposures to a 5G-3.5 GHz signal do not alter behavior but modify intracerebral gene expression in adult male mice

Lameth,

Royer,

Martin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The 5thgeneration (5G) of mobile communications promotes human exposures to electromagnetic fields exploiting the 3.5 GHz frequency band. We have analyzed behaviors, cognitive functions and gene expression in mice submitted to asymmetrical head-exposures to a 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz signal. The exposures were applied 1h daily, 5 days per week over a six-week period, at a specific absorption rate (SAR) averaging 0.19 W/kg over the brain. Locomotor activity in an open-field, object-place and object recognition memories were assessed repeatedly after four weeks of exposure and did not reveal any significant effect on the locomotion/exploration, anxiety level or memory processes. mRNA profiling was performed at the end of the exposure period in two symmetrical areas of the right and left cerebral cortex in which the SAR values were 0.43 and 0.14 W/kg, respectively. We found significant changes in the expression of less than 1% of the expressed genes with over-representations of genes related to glutamatergic synapses. The right cortical area differed from the left one by an over-representation of responsive genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Our data show that repeated head-exposures to a 5G-3.5 GHz signal can trigger mild transcriptome alterations without change in memory capacities or emotional state.

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The determinants of legislation for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs) with the onset of 5G: An empirical analysis with a worldwide cross‐sectional dataset

Recuero Virto,

Czerwiński,

Froidevaux

2024

Risk Analysis

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The unprecedented exposure of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF‐EMF) to humans from mobile communications raises serious public concern about the possibility of unexpected adverse health effects and has stimulated authorities to adopt precautionary exposure limits. These limits are distinctly different across countries, and the causes of these differences are unclear from the literature. This article is the first empirical analysis on the determinants of RF‐EMF exposure legislation, using a novel cross‐sectional database of 164 countries worldwide. The analysis shows that decentralization and mobile competition in countries with low mobile network deployment tend to promote more stringent RF‐EMF exposure limits across the dataset with 164 countries. In more decentralized countries, the regions had a greater influence on national legislation and could accommodate local demands with the advent of mobile technology in the 2000s. In contrast, decentralization and mobile competition in countries with high levels of mobile network deployment tend to relax RF‐EMF exposure limits in the sample of 61 countries with fifth‐generation (5G) technology. Indeed, restrictive RF‐EMF exposure limits are constraining 5G deployment in a context of the widespread adoption of mobile‐broadband technologies. These results should be useful for policymakers and mobile operators alike to anticipate the outcome of legislation in countries that have yet to introduce 5G technology. The results should also be useful when reviewing policies and strategies for the implementation of the upcoming 6G technology in frequency bands that will be increasingly higher (above 6 GHz up to THz for very local usage), and hence where the health effects on humans are less well studied.

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Assessment of Electrical Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers Exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G Signals within Environmental Levels: A Controlled–Randomised Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the human resting state wake EEG and event‐related potential: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the human resting state wake EEG and event‐related potential: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Repeated head-exposures to a 5G-3.5 GHz signal do not alter behavior but modify intracerebral gene expression in adult male mice

The determinants of legislation for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs) with the onset of 5G: An empirical analysis with a worldwide cross‐sectional dataset

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