Assessment of electrically-driven vehicles in terms of emission impacts and energy requirements: a case study for Istanbul, Turkey

a b s t r a c tTailpipe emissions of gasoline vehicles are one of a main cause of atmospheric environmental problems such as global warming and haze. The substitution of electric vehicles for conventional gasoline vehicles is a promising new way to reduce urban air pollution in many countries such as America, Japan, the EU countries and China. In 2011, Beijing launched a plan that was the substitution of electric vehicles (such as Midi taxis) for gasoline vehicles (such as Hyundai taxis) to low carbon transformations. Our study used local data and LCA based analysis to compare environmental impacts of the transition from Hyundai gasoline vehicles to Midi electric vehicles. We established a life cycle analysis (LCA) model with GaBi6 software and a life cycle assessment integrated model by CML2001 (Problem oriented) and EI99 (Damage oriented) models, which evaluated the comparative environmental impacts of the full life cycle, production stage, use stage and end of life. Finally, we analyzed the key haze-induced factors, key life cycle processes and the sensitivities of lifetime and electric power mix.Our results indicated that in light of the full life cycle assessment, electric vehicles could play significant role in decreasing the potential of Global Warming, Abiotic Depletion and Ozone Layer Depletion; whereas, electric vehicles also exhibited the impacts for increases in the potential of Acidification, Eutrophication, Human Toxicity and Eco-toxicity (marine aquatic and terrestrial). On the basis of inventory data analysis and 2010 Beijing electricity mix, the comparative results of haze-induced pollutants emissions showed that the full life cycle emission of VOCs from a Midi electric vehicle was lower than a Hyundai gasoline vehicle, but the emissions of PM 2.5 , NO x , SO x of a Midi electric vehicle were higher than a Hyundai gasoline vehicle. These differences are mainly the result of different emissions during the use stages. In addition, the results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the decreased rate of Green House Gas per kilometer (Midi relative to Hyundai) gradually improved with the increase of lifetime and use of cleaner energy; haze-induced pollutants and carbon emissions from EVs could be reduced significantly with the increased use of cleaner energy.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicle transformation in Beijing and the comparative eco-environmental impacts: A case study of electric and gasoline powered taxis

Shi

Wang

Yang

et al. 2016

“…A meaningful assessment of alternative vehicles, especially when these are based on different technologies, should address multiple dimensions of environmental performance and include impacts over all stages of the vehicle lifecycle using a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) (Arena et al, 2013). Indeed, several studies have assessed the environmental performance of new vehicles both at product or company level using a life-cycle approach (Liu et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2012;Nanaki and Koroneos, 2013;Ou et al, 2012;Samaras and Meisterling, 2008;Smith, 2010;van Vliet et al, 2011;Yagcitekin et al, 2013). Most of these studies assess the environmental impacts of conventional and alternative powertrains, such as electric or hybrid, in different locations, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these studies assess the environmental impacts of conventional and alternative powertrains, such as electric or hybrid, in different locations, e.g. China (Liu et al, 2014;Ou et al, 2012), Greece (Nanaki and Koroneos, 2013), Turkey (Yagcitekin et al, 2013) and the UK (Ma et al, 2012). These studies highlight the importance of LCA to avoid burden shifting, i.e., reducing a negative impact at one part of the system but increasing the same impact elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to the Life-Cycle Assessment of vehicles

Domingues

Marques

Garcia

et al. 2015

This article presents a methodology to classify light-duty vehicles according to their environmental impacts. The classification is based on Life-Cycle Impact Assessment indicators and vehicle operation indicators, which are aggregated using a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method. In contrast with most literature combining Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and MCDA, vehicles are not compared directly; they are compared to pre-established profiles defining a set of classes. These profiles are established relatively to the impacts of the country's light-duty fleet. The ELECTRE TRI method is chosen for MCDA classification, thus avoiding complete substitutability among criteria and allowing for imprecision in the data. MCDA typically incorporates the subjective values of decision makers, namely through criteria weighting. To obtain conclusions that are not contingent on a given weight vector, we consider a space of weight vectors defined by constraints with a clear rationale and obtain all the possible results compatible with those constraints. The methodology is applied to classify six vehicles available in Portugal with different powertrains: Gasoline and Diesel Internal Combustion Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (10 and 40-mile battery range) and Battery Electric Vehicle. The discussion suggests how this methodology might be useful for a decision-making entity that wishes to classify vehicles according to their environmental impacts.

“…These incentives have been provided with a belief that EVs can deliver broader developmental benefits and also help in reducing CO 2 emissions. Studies show that electric vehicles can improve energy efficiency (Yagcitekin et al, 2015), reduce air pollutant emissions (Nanaki and Koroneos, 2013), increase penetration of renewables (Andersen et al, 2009) and reduce CO 2 emissions in the long term (Sims et al, 2014). The experiences vary across countries e.g., in a country with energy inefficient and CO 2 intensive power generation sector the shift to EVs may neither improve efficiency nor reduce CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Global Experience With Electric Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicles and India's low carbon passenger transport: a long-term co-benefits assessment

Dhar¹,

Pathak

Shukla

2017

154

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