Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Exposure on European Roads: A Comprehensive In Situ Measurement Campaign

Atanasova, Gabriela; Atanasov, Blagovest; Atanasov, Nikolay

doi:10.3390/s23136050

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The ubiquitous use of mobile communication and social media has become an integral aspect of contemporary society [1][2][3]. The escalating volume of data transmission is driven less by intensifying electromagnetic radiation and more by altering signal structures and utilizing more suitable frequencies for data transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources

Tuță,

Roșu,

Andone

et al. 2024

Electronics

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In recent decades, the widespread use of mobile phones and wireless technologies has led to a significant increase in radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), raising concerns about continuous RF-EMF exposure among the general population. Recent research indicates that real-life RF signals are more biologically active than controlled laboratory signals with a low variability, suggesting that living organisms can adapt to EMF exposure when the pattern has a low variability. However, using real-life sources with unpredictable variation signals in biological experiments contradicts the principle of experiment controllability. This paper aims to investigate the nature of signals generated by current sources of ambient EMFs in terms of stationarity, with the goal of replicating them in biological experiments to study the effects of EMF exposure. Employing a range of statistical methodologies, starting with descriptive statistical analysis and progressing to the advanced APDP and APTF methods, an examination is conducted on a collection of Wi-Fi signal recordings across various operating modes, with particular attention given to video streaming. The chosen datasets are scrutinized with respect to their adherence to a Gaussian distribution and the concept of stationarity. The results indicate that the observed Wi-Fi signals lack stationarity in both the time and frequency domains. However, based on the analytical findings, it is possible to generate signals in frequency that authentically replicate Wi-Fi signals, accounting for nonstationarity considerations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources

Tuță,

Roșu,

Andone

et al. 2024

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This environment exposes the broader population to electromagnetic waves of low intensity, characterized by fluctuations in intensity, polarization, and frequency content. Numerous research studies have tackled the assessment of temporal or spatial variations in exposure to ambient electromagnetic fields [11][12][13][14][15]. These investigations involve conducting measurement campaigns in diverse locations and micro-environments, encompassing both indoor and outdoor settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SDR-Based Portable System for Evaluating Exposure to Ambient Electromagnetic Fields

Tuta,

Panait-Radu,

Ardelean

et al. 2023

Electronics

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This paper discusses the need to accurately determine the population’s exposure to low-intensity radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from modern technologies like mobile networks, Wi-Fi, and IoT and proposes a practical solution for this assessment. There is no scientific consensus on the biological effects, mostly due to challenges in conducting accurate biological experiments. Recent research suggests that real-life exposure sources trigger stronger biological responses than laboratory-generated RF-EMF. However, there is a lack of research comparing the effects of these sources. This paper introduces a portable system for assessing and monitoring EMF exposure in urban areas. Employing a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platform to ensure adaptability, the system incorporates two measurement configurations. The initial version concentrates on determining the average power within a 20 MHz Wi-Fi channel, whereas the subsequent configuration augments its functionality by introducing a frequency sweep. This sweep broadens the scrutinized bandwidth, thereby enriching the captured data content through the storage of spectrum sweeps corresponding to each average power value. These data can be used to create EMF profile maps based on individuals’ geographical coordinates. Compared to current limited-performance commercial exposimeters, the proposed system offers expanded capabilities by broadening the frequency bandwidth, georeferencing measurements, and storing data in an SQL database. Compared to high-performance commercial exposimeters, the major advantage of the system is its ability to detect short-term fluctuations in signal spectra and store the corresponding data for subsequent analysis.

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Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Exposure on European Roads: A Comprehensive In Situ Measurement Campaign

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources

On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources

SDR-Based Portable System for Evaluating Exposure to Ambient Electromagnetic Fields

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