Assessment of emerging polar organic pollutants linked to contaminant pathways within an urban estuary using non-targeted analysis

Overdahl, Kirsten E.; Sutton, Rebecca; Sun, Jennifer; DeStefano, Noelle J.; Getzinger, Gordon J.; Ferguson, P. Lee

doi:10.1039/d0em00463d

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…APEOs such as the NPEOs are still used widely (particularly in consumer products, as regulations and/or voluntary replacements have focused on industrial applications). These compounds are routinely detected in the environment [76]; at µg/L concentrations (−1-10 nM, for the most potent NPEOs) in wastewater and other surface water sources, and at ng/L (−1-10 pM) concentrations in drinking water. They have also been detected in the indoor environment and appear to accumulate in indoor house dust [22], representing an additional source of chronic human exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish

Kassotis

LeFauve

Chiang

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), are high-production-volume surfactants used in laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, pesticide formulations, textile production, oils, paints, and other products. NPEOs comprise −80% of the total production of APEOs and are widely reported across diverse environmental matrices. Despite a growing push for replacement products, APEOs continue to be released into the environment through wastewater at significant levels. Research into related nonionic surfactants from varying sources has reported metabolic health impacts, and we have previously demonstrated that diverse APEOs and alcohol polyethoxylates promote adipogenesis in the murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model. These effects appeared to be independent of the base alkylphenol and related to the ethoxylate chain length, though limited research has evaluated NPEO exposures in animal models. The goals of this study were to assess the potential of NPEOs to promote adiposity (Nile red fluorescence quantification) and alter growth and/or development (toxicity, length, weight, and energy expenditure) of developmentally exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also sought to expand our understanding of the ability to promote adiposity through evaluation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Herein, we demonstrated consistent adipogenic effects in two separate human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell models, and that nonylphenol and its ethoxylates promoted weight gain and increased adipose deposition in developmentally exposed zebrafish. Notably, across both cell and zebrafish models we report increasing adipogenic/obesogenic activity with increasing ethoxylate chain lengths up to maximums around NPEO-6 and then decreasing activity with the longest ethoxylate chain lengths. This research suggests metabolic health concerns for these common obesogens, suggesting further need to assess molecular mechanisms and better characterize environmental concentrations for human health risk assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish

Kassotis

LeFauve

Chiang

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…In urbanized environments, runoff events can mobilize nutrients, road salts, and many inorganic and organic contaminants. − Urbanization has resulted in greater quantities and lesser quality of surface runoff, posing challenges for protection of municipal infrastructure and receiving environments. Additionally, the diffuse and often stochastic nature of urban runoff makes the sampling of these complex mixtures difficult. − Recently, nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been employed to characterize urban runoff beyond this typical suite of targeted analytes (e.g., metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). − Common among these studies was ubiquitous detection of compounds related to manufacturing of tire rubber and plastics, including bicyclic amines and melamine derivatives, frequently measured at concentrations of μg L –1 in urban runoff , and even surface waters during precipitation events …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of Tire Rubber-Derived Contaminants in Cold-Climate Urban Runoff

Challis

Popick

Prajapati

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

153

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Recent findings that 2-anilo-5-[(4-methylpentan-2yl)amino]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPD-quinone), the transformation product of a common tire rubber antioxidant, is acutely toxic in stormwater-impacted streams has highlighted the need for a better understanding of contaminants in urban runoff. This study represents one of the first reports of 6PPD-quinone and other tire rubber-derived compounds in stormwater and snowmelt of a coldclimate Canadian city (Saskatoon, 2019(Saskatoon, −2020. Semiquantification of the five target compounds, N,N′-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N,Ndicyclohexylmethylamine (DCA), N,N′-dicyclohexylurea (DCU), 1cyclohexyl-3-phenylurea (CPU), and 6PPD-quinone, revealed DPG was most abundant, with average concentrations of 60 μg L −1 in stormwater and 1 μg L −1 in snowmelt. Maximum observed concentrations of DPG were greater than 300 μg L −1 , equivalent to loadings of 15 kg from a single rain event. These concentrations of DPG represent some of the highest reported in urban runoff globally. 6PPD-Quinone was detected in 57% (12/ 21) of stormwater samples with a mean concentration of approximately 600 ng L −1 (2019) and greater than 80% (28/31) of snowmelt samples with mean concentrations of 80−370 ng L −1 (2019 and 2020). Concentrations of 6PPD-quinone exceeded the acute LC 50 for coho salmon (0.8−1.2 μg L −1 ) in greater than 20% of stormwater samples. Mass loadings of all target chemicals correlated well with roads and residential land-use area.

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“…They found that levels of some frequently detected pesticides, for example, diuron (25–795 ng/L) and carbendazim (7–195 ng/L), came from runoff from urban surfaces, building materials, and automotive parts, indicating that stormwater was a primary transport pathway. Among trace organic contaminants, (1 H -) benzotriazole is a high production volume chemical widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive antifreeze, formulations of aircraft de-icing fluids and in cooling towers. − Benzotriazole found in European rivers and lakes (from <0.05 to 6.3 μg/L) − and the San Francisco Bay (0.8 μg/L) typically originates from wastewater treatment plants, industrial sources, and urban runoff. Benzotriazole has been quantified in streams during rainfall and snowmelt events in Toronto, Canada, with concentrations from 1.3 to 100 times higher in an urban watershed than in a nearby suburban watershed, primarily due to the application of de-icing road salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Organic Contaminant Transfer and Transformation in Bioretention Cells: A Field Tracer Test with Benzotriazole

Rodgers

Spraakman

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bioretention cells can effectively infiltrate stormwater runoff and partly remove conventional water contaminants. A field tracer injection experiment in a conventionally designed bioretention cell was used to investigate the fate of benzotriazole, a model trace organic contaminant, during and between runoff events. Moderate (29%) benzotriazole load reductions were measured during the 6 h long injection experiment. The detection of 1-methyl benzotriazole, hydroxy benzotriazole, and methoxy benzotriazole provided in situ evidence of some rapid benzotriazole microbial transformation during the tracer test and more importantly between the events. The detection of benzotriazole alanine and benzotriazole acetyl alanine also showed fast benzotriazole phytotransformation to amino acid conjugates during the tracer test and suggests further transformation of phytotransformation products between events. These data provide conclusive full-scale evidence of benzotriazole microbial and phytotransformation in bioretention cells. Non-target chemical analysis revealed the presence of a diverse range of trace organic contaminants in urban runoff and exiting the bioretention cell, including pesticides and industrial, household, and pharmaceutical compounds. We have demonstrated the in situ potential of urban green infrastructure such as bioretention cells to eliminate polar trace organic contaminants from stormwater. However, targeted design and operation strategies, for example, hydraulic control and the use of soil amendments, should be incorporated for improved bioretention cell performance for such compounds.

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Assessment of emerging polar organic pollutants linked to contaminant pathways within an urban estuary using non-targeted analysis

Abstract: A comprehensive, non-targeted analysis of polar organic pollutants using high resolution/accurate mass (HR/AM) mass spectrometry approaches has been applied to water samples from San Francisco (SF) Bay, a major urban...

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish

Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish

Occurrences of Tire Rubber-Derived Contaminants in Cold-Climate Urban Runoff

Trace Organic Contaminant Transfer and Transformation in Bioretention Cells: A Field Tracer Test with Benzotriazole

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