Assessment of endocrine disruptor pollutants and their metabolites in environmental water samples using a sustainable natural deep eutectic solvent-based analytical methodology

Conde-Díaz, Adrián; Santana‐Mayor, Álvaro; Herrera‐Herrera, Antonio V.; Socas‐Rodríguez, Bárbara; Rodríguez‐Delgado, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139480

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Data suggested by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) have suggested that there are approximately 418 additives which are used from European industries to improve polymer plastic properties. PAEs are a class of synthetic chemicals used as plasticizers during plastic manufacturing, particularly for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the most popular plastic after polyethylene [4,5]. PAEs, in addition to PVC materials, allow the polymers to slide against each other, improving their flexibility, durability, and stability [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalates: The Main Issue in Quality Control in the Beverage Industry

Iannone,

Di Fiore,

Carriera

et al. 2024

Separations

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a group of chemicals used to improve the flexibility and durability of plastics. The chemical properties and the resistance to high temperatures promote their degradation and release into the environment. Food and beverages can be contaminated by PAEs through the migration from packaging material because they are not covalently bound to plastic and also via different kinds of environmental sources or during processing. For instance, alcoholic drinks in plastic containers are a particular risk, since the ethanol contained provides a good solubility for PAEs. According to its role as an endocrine disruptor compound and its adverse effects on the liver, kidney, and reproductive and respiratory systems, the International Agency on Research Cancer (IARC) classified di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a possible human carcinogen. For this reason, to control human exposure to PAEs, many countries prohibited their use in food as non-food substances. For example, in Europe, the Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/2005 restricts the use of DEHP, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) to a concentration equal to or below 0.1 by weight in plasticizers in articles used by consumers or in indoor areas. There are reports from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that some beverages (and food as well), particularly fruit juices, contain high levels of phthalates. In some cases, the deliberate adulteration of soft drinks with phthalate esters has been reported. This paper would like to show the difficulties of performing PAE analysis in beverage matrices, in particular alcoholic beverages, as well as the main solutions provided for quality control in the industrial branches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalates: The Main Issue in Quality Control in the Beverage Industry

Iannone,

Di Fiore,

Carriera

et al. 2024

Separations

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“…Currently, the analysis of PAE is mainly carried out by chromatographic methods, for example, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [29], ultra HPLS using a sustainable natural deep eutectic solvent-based analytical methodology [30] or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [8,9,[31][32][33][34][35][36]. These analytical methods allow accurate and sensitive quantitative analysis; however, they require expensive instrumentation, highly skilled personnel and complex sample processing that cannot meet the requirements for rapid detection of toxicants outside the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate in Surface Water by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay

Mukhametova,

Karimova,

Zharikova

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used as a plasticizer in the production of polymeric materials to give them flexibility, strength and extensibility. However, due to its negative impact on human health, in particular reproductive functions and fetal development, the content of DBP must be controlled in food and the environment. The present study aims to develop a sensitive, fast and simple fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) using monoclonal antibodies derived against DBP (MAb-DBP) for its detection in open waters. New conjugates of DBP with various fluorescein derivatives were obtained and characterized: 5-aminomethylfluorescein (AMF) and dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (DTAF). The advantages of using the DBP-AMF conjugate in the FPIA method are shown, the kinetics of binding of this chemical with antibodies are studied, the analysis is optimized, and the concentration of monoclonal antibodies is selected for sensitivity analysis—16 nM. The calibration dependence of the fluorescence polarization signal for the detection of DBP was obtained. The observed IC50 (DBP concentration at which a 50% decrease in the fluorescence polarization signal occurs, 40 ng/mL) and the limit of detection (LOD, 7.5 ng/mL) values were improved by a factor of 45 over the previously described FPIA using polyclonal antibodies. This technique was tested by the recovery method, and the high percentage of DBP discovery in water ranged from 85 to 110%. Using the developed method, real water samples from Lake Onega were tested, and a good correlation was shown between the results of the determination of DBP by the FPIA method and GC-MS. Thus, the FPIA method developed in this work can be used to determine DBP in open-water reservoirs.

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