Assessment of environmental and economic costs of rural household energy consumption in Loess Hilly Region, Gansu Province, China

Li, Guozhu; Niu, Shuwen; Ma, Libang; Zhang, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.10.018

Cited by 58 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Data on costs of fuels, stove technologies and their efficiency were taken from existing literature. 20,[22][23][24] In China, as in most developing countries, lifestyles and infrastructure availability differs significantly between urban centers and rural hinterlands. This also has implications for the patterns of household energy use across rural and urban areas.…”

Section: Data Sources and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing cooking fuel and stove choices in China till 2030

Mainali

Pachauri

Nagai

2012

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Many people in China still burn low grade solid fuels in traditional stoves to meet their cooking and heating energy demands. This results in significant pollution, affecting the health of especially women and children who are exposed most. The mode of energy consumption and types of stoves in use may change with increasing prosperity. Product specific and socio-economic parameters also influence these choices. We analyze cooking fuel and stove choices in China. Choices are modeled to depend on standard economic variables such as income, technology costs, and fuel prices, along with some variables unique to the developing country setting such as inconvenience costs. Our analysis shows that 24% of the rural and 17% of the urban population will still depend on solid fuels in 2030 under a business as usual scenario. Various policy scenarios that can accelerate transition to modern fuels by 2030 are also analyzed in this paper and their costs, energy, emissions and health impacts assessed. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.

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Section: Data Sources and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing cooking fuel and stove choices in China till 2030

Mainali

Pachauri

Nagai

2012

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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“…. Calculations for environmental benefits of a digester, T s -cost of environmental benefits for a household, m-items consuming energy, n-kinds of energy resources, j-type of usage, i-type of resource, S 1i -Environmental costs in a hill, S 2i -environmental costs in a slope [5]: (6) Politicians and policymakers must promote efficient ways to meet energy needs in rural areas [190]. By having government subsidy plans and loan or credit schemes, the biogas program for rural households will be more attractive to people [33].…”

Section: Economics and Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Biogas Digesters—A Review

2012

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This review is a summary of different aspects of the design and operation of small-scale, household, biogas digesters. It covers different digester designs and materials used for construction, important operating parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate, and loading rate, applications of the biogas, the government policies concerning the use of household digesters, and the social and environmental effects of the digesters. Biogas is a value-added product of anaerobic digestion of organic compounds. Biogas production depends on different factors including: pH, temperature, substrate, loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, and mixing. Household digesters are cheap, easy to handle, and reduce the amount of organic household waste. The size of these digesters varies between 1 and 150 m 3 . The common designs include fixed dome, floating drum, and plug flow type. Biogas and fertilizer obtained at the end of anaerobic digestion could be used for cooking, lighting, and electricity.

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“…The development of constructing new energy sources and cleansing biomass is also an important approach to improve the energy structure and living standards of rural households, and several papers discuss the opportunity, constraints, and implications of clean energy [26][27][28]. Additionally, the analysis of health effects, well-being, and economic and environmental costs resulting from carbon emissions and indoor air pollution induced by solid fuel combustion are of great concern to researchers [29][30][31][32]. This paper is closely related to describing the characteristics of rural energy consumption, and there are many studies focus on energy consumption level and structure, end-use activities, which provide a profile of rural energy consumption [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Fuel Choice in Rural Areas: Field Research of Two Counties of North China

Hou

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Solid fuels are still widely used in rural China though the living standard has improved greatly. Energy poverty is an obvious indicator of poverty, which has serious effects on economic development, environment, and health. In this paper, we conducted a detailed analysis on fuel choice and usage behavior of different end-use activities in rural residential energy consumption. Using 717 household observations from micro-survey data in two counties of Shandong and Hebei province in 2016, we find that biomass is the dominant fuel used for cooking among all energy sources despite of obvious decreasing trend in recent years, accounting for 44%. Clean energy used to cook increased markedly with a proportion of nearly 50%. Solar energy is an ordinary fuel used for water heating except for biomass. Almost 90% of households rely on coal for space heating in winter, and one-third of households have space heating for fewer than two months. Ownership of home appliances for basic needs is higher than that for hedonistic needs, and usage behaviors of some appliances are economical. Fuel accessibility of commercial energy have improved noticeably in rural areas, and the high proportion usage of biomass is affected by family income, usage habits, local resources, environmental recognition, education, and age. Since the negative effects of using solid fuels, it is urgent to cleanse biomass, develop new energy, and improve residents' cognition about the consequences of using solid fuels.

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Assessment of environmental and economic costs of rural household energy consumption in Loess Hilly Region, Gansu Province, China

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Analyzing cooking fuel and stove choices in China till 2030

Analyzing cooking fuel and stove choices in China till 2030

Household Biogas Digesters—A Review

Residential Fuel Choice in Rural Areas: Field Research of Two Counties of North China

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