Assessment of exposure rate and collective effective dose equivalent in the city of Baghdad due to natural gamma radiation

Investigation of Gamma-Emitting Natural Radioactive Contents in Three Types of Vernonia Consumed in Cameroon

“…Exposure to ionizing radiation is generally regarded as undesirable at all levels although no harmful effects are known to follow very low-level exposures. Recently, considerable attention has been given to low-level exposure arising from naturally occurring radionuclides, particularly 238 U, 232 Th, their decay products and 40 K. Natural radiation sources are the very important and they deliver the highest radiation dose to which human beings are exposed [1][2][3]. Natural radionuclides are present in air breathed by humans, in food [4], drinking water [5,6] as well as the ground from which human settlements are built [7].…”

The radiological assessment, hazard evaluation, and spatial distribution for a hypothetical nuclear power plant accident at Baiji potential site

“…The assessment showed that normal operation of a nuclear power plant at Baiji potential site is safe and poses no significant biological effect upon population living around, but no investigation has been conducted previously to study the radiological impact of any hypothetical accident at Baiji potential site [9,10]. Therefore, this work aspires to fill this gap in the safety assessment procedures for this potential site [9][10][11]. Baiji site with other three sites were nominated by Iraqi Atomic Council for new installation of a new nuclear power plant in Iraq [11,12].…”

“…Therefore, this work aspires to fill this gap in the safety assessment procedures for this potential site [9][10][11]. Baiji site with other three sites were nominated by Iraqi Atomic Council for new installation of a new nuclear power plant in Iraq [11,12]. Iraq showed early desire to employ nuclear technologies in scientific researches and energy production [10,11,13].…”

“…Baiji site with other three sites were nominated by Iraqi Atomic Council for new installation of a new nuclear power plant in Iraq [11,12]. Iraq showed early desire to employ nuclear technologies in scientific researches and energy production [10,11,13]. The Iraqi government returned back this desire to handle the chronic shortage in electricity provision.…”

Application ofin-situgamma-ray spectrometry in the determination of activity concentrations of40K,238U and232Th and mean annual effective dose rate levels in southeastern cities in Nigeria

“…The average annual dose from natural sources is ∼2.4 mSv which is a reference level representing the range 1-10 mSv y -1 and in extreme cases to 1 Sv or more (Marouf et al, 1993;UNSCEAR, 2000). Natural radioactivity in an uncontaminated environment is due mainly to the primordial radionuclides, 238 U and 232 Th and their progenies and 40 K which are distributed in varying amounts in the earth.…”