Assessment of exposure to chemicals in a complex work environment

Mg, Ott; Mj, Teta; Hl, Greenberg

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700160602

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, these diaries are subject to inaccurate recall and thus have limited validity (31)(32)(33). Moreover, they fail to document microactivities such as dermal and hand-tomouth contacts, which are important pathways of exposure in young children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Eskenazi

Bradman

Castorina

1999

Environ Health Perspect

593

326

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Recent studies show that young children can be exposed to pesticides during normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Children living in agricultural areas may be exposed to higher pesticide levels than other children because of pesticides tracked into their homes by household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their farmworker mother, or by playing in nearby fields. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the extent of children's pesticide exposure, and no studies have examined whether there are adverse health effects of chronic exposure. There is substantial toxicologic evidence that repeated low-level exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides may affect neurodevelopment and growth in developing animals. For example, animal studies have reported neurobehavorial effects such as impairment on maze performance, locomotion, and balance in neonates exposed (italic)in utero(/italic) and during early postnatal life. Possible mechanisms for these effects include inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, downregulation of muscarinic receptors, decreased brain DNA synthesis, and reduced brain weight in offspring. Research findings also suggest that it is biologically plausible that OP exposure may be related to respiratory disease in children through dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. The University of California Berkeley Center for Children's Environmental Health Research is working to build a community-university partnership to study the environmental health of rural children. This Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, or CHAMACOS in Monterey County, California, will assess (italic)in utero(/italic) and postnatal OP pesticide exposure and the relationship of exposure to neurodevelopment, growth, and symptoms of respiratory illness in children. The ultimate goal of the center is to translate research findings into a reduction of children's exposure to pesticides and other environmental agents, and thereby reduce the incidence of environmentally related disease.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Eskenazi

Bradman

Castorina

1999

Environ Health Perspect

593

326

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“…In females, there was a positive trend in incidences with increasing exposure concentration; however, there were no statistical differences and the incidences were within the NTP historical control ranges. It has been reported that the odds ratios for developing lymphoid and hematopoietic cancers were increased in humans exposed to allyl alcohol (the structurally related unsaturated alcohol) (Ott et al 1989a, b). However, the significance of this correlation was confounded by the exposure of workers to multiple chemicals along with allyl alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of propargyl alcohol toxicity and carcinogenicity in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice following whole-body inhalation exposure

et al. 2013

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Propargyl alcohol (PA) is a high production volume chemical used in synthesis of many industrial chemicals and agricultural products. Despite the potential for prolonged or accidental exposure to PA in industrial settings, the toxicity potential of PA was not well characterized. To address the knowledge gaps relevant to the toxicity profile of PA, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-week, 14-week and 2-year studies in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice. For the 2-week inhalation study, the rats and mice were exposed to 0, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250 or 500 ppm. Significant mortality was observed in both rats and mice exposed to ≥ 125 ppm of PA. The major target organ of toxicity in both mice and rats was the liver with exposure-related histopathological changes (250 and 500 ppm). Based on the decreased survival in the 2-week study, the rats and mice were exposed to 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 ppm of PA in the 14-week study. No treatment-related mortality was observed. Mean body weights of male (≥ 8 ppm) and female mice (32 and 64 ppm) were significantly decreased (7–16%). Histopathological changes were noted in the nasal cavity, and included suppurative inflammation, squamous metaplasia, hyaline droplet accumulation, olfactory epithelium atrophy, and necrosis. In the 2-year inhalation studies, the rats were exposed to 0, 16, 32 and 64 ppm of PA and the mice were exposed to 0, 8, 16 and 32 ppm of PA. Survival of male rats was significantly reduced (32 ppm and 64 ppm). Mean body weights of 64 ppm male rats were significantly decreased relative to the controls. Both mice and rats showed a spectrum of non-neoplastic changes in the nose. Increased neoplastic incidences of nasal respiratory/transitional epithelial adenoma were observed in both rats and mice. The incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia was significantly increased in male rats. In conclusion, the key findings from this study indicated that the nose was the primary target organ of toxicity for PA. Long term inhalation exposure to PA led to nonneoplastic changes in the nose, and increased incidences of respiratory/transitional epithelial adenomas in both mice and rats. Increased incidences of harderian gland adenoma may also have been related to exposure to PA in male mice.

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“…The ranking scheme is also supported by industrial hygiene surveys of these and other UCC facilities. Based on estimates of operators' TWA8 EO exposures at the UCC Texas City, Texas, plant, exposure levels in direct oxidation EO production were probably in the range of [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ppm.24 Levels in EO production using the chlorohydrin process were probably somewhat higher, since (1) the technology, construction materials, and work practices were from an earlier era, (2) there was no control room, and (3) the production equipment was indoors. Based on breathing zone samples collected from 1976 to 1978 at the South Charleston and Institute plants, continuous exposure levels in departments using EO were in the order of < 1-3 ppm (possibly an order of magnitude lower than those in production departments).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men assigned to ethylene oxide production or other ethylene oxide related chemical manufacturing: a mortality study.

Greenberg¹,

Mg²,

Shore³

1990

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Seven deaths each due to leukaemia and pancreatic cancer were observed with 3-0 and 4-1 deaths expected. Among the subcohort of men who worked where both average and peak exposure levels were probably highest, however, one death due to pancreatic cancer (0-9 expected) and no deaths due to leukaemia were observed. Four of the seven who died from leukaemia and six of the seven who died from pancreatic cancer had been assigned to the chlorohydrin department where the potential for exposure to EO is judged to have been low. The relative risk of death due to each disease was strongly related to duration of assignments to that department. When men who worked in the chlorohydrin department were excluded, there was no evidence for an association of exposure to EO with pancreatic cancer or leukaemia. Together with the failure to show independent EO associations, the chlorohydrin department results suggest that leukaemia and pancreatic cancer may have

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Assessment of exposure to chemicals in a complex work environment

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Evaluation of propargyl alcohol toxicity and carcinogenicity in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice following whole-body inhalation exposure

Men assigned to ethylene oxide production or other ethylene oxide related chemical manufacturing: a mortality study.

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