Assessment of exposure to pesticides during mixing/loading and spraying of tomatoes in the open field

Aprea, Maria Cristina; Bosi, Anna; Manara, Michele; Mazzocchi, Barbara; Pompini, Alessandra; Sormani, Francesca; Lunghini, Liana; Sciarra, Gianfranco

doi:10.1080/15459624.2016.1143948

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, pesticide exposure assessment remains a critical issue and exposure levels in real working conditions are poorly known. Some studies provide data on the pesticide exposure of operators in open-field crops (Wojeck et al 1983;Abbott et al 1987;Hines et al 2001;Lebailly et al 2009;Aprea et al 2016), vineyards (Wojeck et al 1982;Baldi et al 2006;Fustinoni et al 2014), fruit growing (Hansen et al 1978;Karr et al 1992;Hines et al 2011;Moon et al 2013;Kim et al 2015;Lee et al 2018) and greenhouses (Adamis et al 1985;Fenske et al 1987;Machera et al 2003). These studies have assessed pesticide dermal contamination, respiratory exposure and biological levels, thereby helping to develop tools to estimate pesticide exposure among operators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France

Bureau

Béziat

Duporté³

et al. 2021

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objective Although apple trees are heavily sprayed, few studies have assessed the pesticide exposure of operators and workers in apple orchards. However, these data are crucial for assessing the health impact of such exposures. The aim of this study was to measure pesticide exposure in apple growing according to tasks and body parts. Methods A non-controlled field study was conducted in apple orchards in 4 regions of France during the 2016 and 2017 treatment seasons. Workers’ external contamination and their determinants were assessed over 156 working days corresponding to 30 treatment days, 68 re-entry days and 58 harvesting days. We measured pesticide dermal contamination during each task and made detailed observations of work characteristics throughout the day. Captan and dithianon were used as markers of exposure. Results The median dermal contamination per day was 5.50 mg of captan and 3.33 mg of dithianon for operators, 24.39 mg of captan and 1.84 mg of dithianon for re-entry workers, and 5.82 mg of captan and 0.74 mg of dithianon for harvesters. Thus, workers performing re-entry tasks, especially thinning and anti-hail net opening, presented higher contamination, either equal to or higher than in operators. For these last ones, mixing/loading and equipment cleaning were the most contaminating tasks. Most of the contamination was observed on workers’ hands in all tasks, except for net-opening in which their heads accounted for the most daily contamination. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of taking indirect exposures into account during re-entry work in apple growing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France

Bureau

Béziat

Duporté³

et al. 2021

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…According to Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, the AOEL is used as a limit in the authorisation process of the use of any active substances, and further work or ultimately no authorisation is triggered if the exposure estimate exceeds the AOEL (Aprea et al, 2016;Thouvenin et al, 2016). The AOEL is generally derived from the most sensitive no observed adverse effect level for relevant endpoints based on an oral short-term toxicity study as a default procedure (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of exposure of professional agricultural operators to pesticides

Wong

Garthwaite

Ramwell

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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This study investigates how field practices in handling and applying pesticides influence the long-term patterns of professional agricultural operators' exposure to pesticides. It presents the first use of a comprehensive pesticide application dataset collected on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority with 50 operators selected to cover arable and orchard cropping systems in Greece, Lithuania and the UK. Exposure was predicted based on the harmonised Agricultural Operator Exposure Model (AOEM) and compared with Acceptable Operator Exposure Levels (AOELs). The amount of pesticides handled by individual operators across a cropping season was largest in the UK arable and orchard systems (median 580 and 437kg active substance, respectively), intermediate for the arable systems in Greece and Lithuania (151 and 77kg, respectively), and smallest in the Greek orchard system (22kg). Overall, 30 of the 50 operators made at least one application within a day with predicted exposure greater than the AOEL. The rate of AOEL exceedance was greatest in the Greek cropping systems (8 orchard operators, 2.8-16% of total applications; 7 arable operators, 1.1-14% of total applications), and least for the Lithuanian arable system (2 operators, 2.9-4.5% of total applications). Instances in Greece when predicted exposure exceed the AOEL were strongly influenced by the widespread use of wettable powder formulations (>40% of the total pesticide active substance handled for 11 of the 20 Greek operators). In contrast, the total area of land treated with an active substance on a single day was more important in the UK and Lithuania (95 percentile observed value was 132 and 19haday for UK arable and orchard systems, respectively). Study findings can be used to evaluate current assumptions in regulatory exposure calculations and to identify situations with potential risk that require further analysis including measurements of exposure to validate model estimations.

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“…A exposição do ser humano aos agrotóxicos pode ser ocupacional ou ambiental, no entanto, ela é mais comum em ambientes agrícolas, principalmente, entre agricultores e trabalhadores rurais, visto que as atividades que eles exercem podem incluir mistura / carregamento de produtos químicos, aplicação nos campos, limpeza de equipamentos de pulverização e controle de insetos e parasitas (APREA et al, 2016;BALDI et al, 2012;LEBAILLY et al, 2009;LEON et al, 2019). Para esse grupo de indivíduos, essa exposição pode ser perigosa, em função de seu amplo uso e não seletividade desses compostos, visto que mesmo em concentrações muito baixas, eles podem ocasionar diversos efeitos adversos à saúde humana (KIM; KABIR; JAHAN, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Identificação dos Agrotóxicos Associados ao Desenvolvimento de Linfoma Não-Hodgkin

et al. 2021

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A agricultura é uma das principais fontes antrópicas relacionadas com a contaminação ambiental. A quantidade de agrotóxicos utilizados nesta produção vem sendo aumentada ao longo dos anos em paralelo com o crescimento populacional. Os resíduos destes produtos contaminam o solo, o ar e a água e, com isso, apresentam risco direto ou indireto para a saúde humana e ambiental. A exposição humana aguda e crônica a estes compostos está relacionada com diversos efeitos negativos à saúde humana. O Linfoma não-Hodgkin (LNH) é um dos tipos de câncer mais associado com a exposição ocupacional aos agrotóxicos. De acordo com o levantamento de estudos realizados, neste trabalho, nos quais associaram a exposição aos agrotóxicos com LNH, 21 agrotóxicos foram identificados como associados com este tipo de câncer. Os agrotóxicos Ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, Diazinon, Diclorodifeniltricloroetano, Glifosato e Lindano foram os que apareceram em maior frequência nos artigos analisados e a associação destes compostos específicos com o risco aumentado de subtipos de LNH já foi relatada em estudos anteriores. Diante do que abordado, neste trabalho, a realização de estudos, que avaliem os riscos para o desenvolvimento de LNH causados pela exposição aos agrotóxicos se tornam necessários, a fim de contribuir com a prevenção de câncer para as populações expostas. Palavras-chave: Agricultura. Exposição Ocupacional. Inseticidas. Herbicidas. Câncer. Toxicidade. Abstract Agriculture is one of the main human sources related to environmental contamination. The amount of pesticides used in this production has been increasing over the years in parallel with the increase of population. The residues of these products contaminate the soil, air and water and, therefore, present a direct or indirect risk to human and environmental health. Acute and chronic human exposure to these compounds is related to several negative effects on human health, such as the development of cancer. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is one of the types of cancer most associated with occupational exposure to pesticides. According to studies collected in this work, in which they associated exposure to pesticides with NHL, 21 pesticides were identified as associated with this type of cancer. The pesticides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Diazinon, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Glyphosate and Lindane were the ones that appeared with higher frequency in the analyzed articles and the association of these specific compounds with the increased risk of NHL subtypes has been reported in previous studies. Given what was addressed in this work, studies that assess the risks to NHL development caused by exposure to pesticides are necessary in order to contribute to cancer prevention in exposed populations. Keywords: Agriculture. Occupational Exposure. Insecticides. Herbicides. Cancer. Toxicity

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Assessment of exposure to pesticides during mixing/loading and spraying of tomatoes in the open field

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France

Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France

Assessment of exposure of professional agricultural operators to pesticides

Identificação dos Agrotóxicos Associados ao Desenvolvimento de Linfoma Não-Hodgkin

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