Assessment of eye fatigue caused by head-mounted displays using eye-tracking

Wang, Yan; Zhai, Guangtao; Chen, Sichao; Min, Xiongkuo; Gao, Zhongpai; Song, Xuefei

doi:10.1186/s12938-019-0731-5

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Duan et al [18] conducted an experiment to assess VIMS of immersive videos of real scenes by controlling visual oscillations. Wang et al [19] compared the VIMS and eye fatigue caused by HMDs using Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores and eyetracking methods respectively. By analysis of the parameters in the eye tracker, new assessment models were proposed to assess eye fatigue of HMDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Experience Comparison of Stereoscopic 3D Videos in Different Projection Devices: Flat Screen, Panoramic Screen and Virtual Reality Headset

et al. 2021

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The use of Stereoscopic 3D (S3D) videos has been popular in commercial markets with ongoing developments in the field of visual entertainment in recent years. A wide variety of projection methods of 3D video content is currently available, such as projection to a panoramic screen and projection of omnidirectional video content from head mounted displays using Virtual Reality (VR) technology. This paper investigates the Quality of Experience (QoE) and associated Visually Induced Motion Sickness (VIMS) caused by the viewing of S3D videos. The investigations used three different projection screens: a 3D flat screen, a 3D panoramic screen in a hemispherical shaped room and a VR headset. Several assessment methods including a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG), and measurement tools for eye blink rate detection were applied to measure the QoE experienced by viewers. The SSQ scores were also compared with the behavioral data such as attention and meditation levels and enjoyment ratings acquired from different video content and projection screens. The results indicate that the projection screen is a key factor affecting the level of visual fatigue, VIMS and QoE assessments, which are discussed in-depth in the paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Experience Comparison of Stereoscopic 3D Videos in Different Projection Devices: Flat Screen, Panoramic Screen and Virtual Reality Headset

et al. 2021

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“…The current methods still require wearing devices, such as a head-mounted display (HMD) and smart glasses, which pose challenges in hygiene management and long-term use. Several reports have also reported eye fatigue and sickness when using HMD and AR smart glasses [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Anatomy Education Method Using a Spatial Reality Display Capable of Stereoscopic Imaging with the Naked Eye

Itamiya

Oguchi

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Several efforts have been made to use virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for medical and dental education and surgical support. The current methods still require users to wear devices such as a head-mounted display (HMD) and smart glasses, which pose challenges in hygiene management and long-term use. Additionally, it is necessary to measure the user’s inter-pupillary distance and to reflect it in the device settings each time to accurately display 3D images. This setting is difficult for daily use. We developed and implemented a novel anatomy education method using a spatial reality display capable of stereoscopic viewing with the naked eye without an HMD or smart glasses. In this study, we developed two new applications: (1) a head and neck anatomy education application, which can display 3D-CG models of the skeleton and blood vessels of the head and neck region using 3D human body data available free of charge from public research institutes, and (2) a DICOM image autostereoscopic viewer, which can automatically convert 2D CT/MRI/CBCT image data into 3D-CG models. In total, 104 students at the School of Dentistry experienced and evaluated the system, and the results suggest its usefulness. A stereoscopic display without a head-mounted display is highly useful and promising for anatomy education.

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“…We used IR cameras integrated into the VR headset, called an eye tracker. As various functions using an eye-tracking technique have been studied [18], [19], [33], [34], the eye tracker is becoming one of the major key features needed for future HMDs either to monitor the physical and mental states of the user or to provide more realistic virtual images [35]. We expect that this study will be one of the key functions of eye-tracking techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Interpupillary Distance Based on Eye Movements in Virtual Reality Devices

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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A mismatch between the interpupillary distance (IPD) and inter-optical system distance (IOSD) in virtual reality (VR) applications can lead to discomfort. The IOSD must be adjustable according to the user's IPD to solve this issue. In this study, we investigate IPD estimation methods by tracking eye movements such as conjugate eye movement (CEM) and vergence. We hypothesize that the distance between the two pupils maintained during the CEM and is identical to the IPD. The vergencebased method induces eye divergence and determines the IPD as the maximum distance between pupils. Experiments with visual stimuli to induce CEM and divergence were conducted. The average errors of the estimated IPDs for the CEM-based and vergence-based methods were 2.06 and 1.30 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis results show that the proposed methods can effectively reduce the IPD-IOSD difference and are especially helpful for users with a small IPD. If the IOSD is adjusted to the IPD estimated by the proposed methods, then VR discomfort can be eliminated.INDEX TERMS Eye movement, head-mounted display (HMD), interpupillary distance (IPD), IPD measurement, virtual reality (VR) device.

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Assessment of eye fatigue caused by head-mounted displays using eye-tracking

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

Quality of Experience Comparison of Stereoscopic 3D Videos in Different Projection Devices: Flat Screen, Panoramic Screen and Virtual Reality Headset

Quality of Experience Comparison of Stereoscopic 3D Videos in Different Projection Devices: Flat Screen, Panoramic Screen and Virtual Reality Headset

A Novel Anatomy Education Method Using a Spatial Reality Display Capable of Stereoscopic Imaging with the Naked Eye

Estimation of Interpupillary Distance Based on Eye Movements in Virtual Reality Devices

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