Assessment of Factors Influencing Morale in the Elderly

Loke, Seng Cheong; Abdullah, Siti Suhailah; Chai, Sen; Hamid, Tengku Aizan; Yahaya, Nurizan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016490

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Any illness that affects daily activities, social functioning, and well-being can have an important impact (Eriksson et al, 2010) on a person's life (Ellis & Verma, 2000;Wild, Clayson, Keating, & Gondek, 2005;Loke et al, 2011). Chronic illness is one of the common predictors of morale.…”

Section: Chronic Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic illness is one of the common predictors of morale. Loke et al (2011), for their part, identified that the presence of chronic illness shows a clear trend toward low morale. Also, morale has been reported to be influenced by medical conditions such as stroke (Löfgren, Gustafson, & Nyberg, 1999) and Parkinson's disease (Benito-Leon, Louis, & Bermejo-Pareja, 2009).…”

Section: Chronic Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that good social support is associated with a high degree of morale (Wenger et al, 1995;Loke et al, 2011;Woo et al, 2005;Lee & Ishii-Kuntz, 1987). Moreover, good social support, as measured by the number of relatives and neighbors that can be contacted, is associated with a higher rating of morale (Woo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, across literature, morale has been associated with a number of factors that include anxiety (Valentine, Simpson, Worsfold, & Fisher, 2011); depression (Woo et al, 2005;Eriksson et al 2010;Valentine et al, 2011); gender (Kudo et al, 2007); family composition (Kudo et al, 2007); social support (Kudo et al, 2007;Loke, Abdullah, Chai, Hamid, & Yahaya, 2011); religiosity; and personality traits (Loke et al, 2011). However, because of their diversity, factors associated with morale remain unclear, making it difficult for those working with elderly people to know which aspects of the social and physical environment to target in order to raise and maintain morale (Wenger, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Structural Equation Model of the Factors Affecting Morale of a Select Group of Filipino Elderly in a Community Setting

Guzman

Lacson

Labbao

2014

Educational Gerontology

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While morale among the elderly has been widely and extensively studied, results are varied and at times conflicting. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting elderly morale of a select group of Filipinos in a community setting. A 64-item questionnaire was utilized to survey 323 Filipinos aged 60 and above residing in the National Capital Region of the Philippines in May 2013. Respondents completed a robotfoto, a checklist of chronic illnesses, and measures of the social support, functional ability, geriatric depression, and morale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Two competing models emerged in the study. Model 1 followed causal relationships indicated in the hypothesized model while model 2 considered modification indices that surfaced more acceptable fit indices (X 2 =df ¼ 1.414, GFI [goodness of fit index] ¼ 0.988, CFI [comparative fit index] ¼ 0.987, RMSEA [root mean square error of approximation] ¼ 0.036). Chronic illness, social support, and depression were found to be major predictors of morale. Number of chronic illnesses and depression were also found to have a negative relationship with functional ability, and chronic illness and social support were negatively correlated. Findings can assist health professionals such as nurses to identify the factors that shape elderly morale vis-a-vis the use of effective strategies that promote the well-being of elderly people. The emerging model can serve as reference to assess the effectiveness of quality of care rendered as manifested by morale.Several studies have indicated that, by and large, morale is often used synonymously with life satisfaction, subjective or psychological well-being, and quality of life (

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Section: Chronic Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronic Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Structural Equation Model of the Factors Affecting Morale of a Select Group of Filipino Elderly in a Community Setting

Guzman

Lacson

Labbao

2014

Educational Gerontology

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“…According to the World Health Organization, social activity and functional independence are the most important determinants of "active aging" [47]. Moreover, Lok et al [48] indicate that disability, social support, religiousness, and the type of the personality have the greatest impact on the health of the elderly, and WHODAS is the best tool to measure the areas of disability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of health, functioning and disability of rural inhabitants aged 60–80 living in south-eastern Poland – a cross sectional study

Ćwirlej-Sozańska

Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska

Wiśniowska-Szurlej

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Risk factors for a decrease in high morale in very old people over a 5-year period: data from two Nordic countries

et al. 2019

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High morale could be considered to be an essential part of aging well and increased knowledge of how to prevent a decrease in high morale in very old age could have important implications for policy, and social and health care development. The objective was to identify social and health-related risk factors for a decrease in morale over 5 years in very old people among those with high morale at baseline. The study is based on data derived from the Umeå85+/GERDA study conducted in Northern Sweden and Western Finland. The final sample consisted of 174 individuals who were 85 years and older at baseline and who had completed the follow-up 5 years later. Morale was measured with The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS). A set of social and health-related variables were used to test which factors were associated with a decrease in morale over 5 years. Linear regression was used for the multivariable analyses. The sample had a mean change of − 1.3 (SD = 2.5) in PGCMS scores from T1 to T2. The results from the regression analyses showed that development of depressive disorders, increased feelings of loneliness and the death of a child during the follow-up period were associated with a decrease in morale. The results from our study indicate that preventing the development of depressive disorders and increasing loneliness are key factors in preventing a decrease in high morale. Additionally, very old people who have recently lost an adult child should receive adequate psychosocial support.

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Assessment of Factors Influencing Morale in the Elderly

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

A Structural Equation Model of the Factors Affecting Morale of a Select Group of Filipino Elderly in a Community Setting

A Structural Equation Model of the Factors Affecting Morale of a Select Group of Filipino Elderly in a Community Setting

Analysis of health, functioning and disability of rural inhabitants aged 60–80 living in south-eastern Poland – a cross sectional study

Risk factors for a decrease in high morale in very old people over a 5-year period: data from two Nordic countries

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