Assessment of Fecal Coliform and Escherichia Coli Across a Land Cover Gradient in West Georgia Streams

Crim, Jackie F.; Schoonover, Jon E.; Lockaby, B. Graeme

doi:10.1007/s12403-012-0073-z

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The spatial model in this study suggested that agricultural land, impervious land and industry were the dominant sources of the fecal pollution. This result is consistent with Crim et al (2012), who focused on watersheds with different land uses in four countries. Unexpectedly, forest was identified as a significant factor with a positive correlation.…”

Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Fc Concentration In Differensupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform within a typical complex watershed

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tFecal coliform bacteria are a key indicator of human health risks; however, the spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform have yet to be explored in a rural-suburban-urban watershed with multiple land uses. In this study, the fecal coliform concentrations in 21 river sections were monitored for 20 months, and 441 samples were analyzed. Multivariable regressions were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of fecal coliform. The results showed that spatial differences were mainly dominated by urbanization level, and environmental factors could explain the temporal dynamics of fecal coliform in different urban patterns except in areas with high urbanization levels. Reducing suspended solids is a direct way to manage fecal coliform in the Beiyun River when the natural factors are difficulty to change, such as temperature and solar radiation. The export of fecal coliform from urban areas showed a quick and sensitive response to rainfall events and increased dozens of times in the short term. Landscape patterns, such as the fragmentation of impervious surfaces and the overall landscape, were identified as key factors influencing urban non-point source bacteria. The results obtained from this study will provide insight into the management of river fecal pollution.

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Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Fc Concentration In Differensupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform within a typical complex watershed

et al. 2020

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“…All treatment watersheds had mean E. coli concentrations that exceeded 126 cfu 100 ml −1 , whereas the reference watersheds were below this threshold. Median E. coli concentrations at the treatment watersheds were similar to those measured in nearby urban watersheds (Crim, Schoonover, & Lockaby, 2012), despite the lack of surface runoff from developed areas and other anthropogenic sources at our study sites. Treatment and reference watersheds both lacked livestock and had the same wildlife species (and sources of fecal matter) except for wild pigs; therefore, the elevated E. coli concentrations at the treatment watersheds were likely a result of wild pig activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Treatment and reference watersheds both lacked livestock and had the same wildlife species (and sources of fecal matter) except for wild pigs; therefore, the elevated E. coli concentrations at the treatment watersheds were likely a result of wild pig activity. Unlike E. coli, FC concentrations did not vary by treatment type and were elevated in comparison to nearby urban watersheds (Crim, Schoonover, & Lockaby, 2012). Although instantaneous loads of FC were greater at reference watersheds, this can be attributed to greater discharge rates, as previously mentioned.…”

Section: Fecal Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 50%

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Impacts of a large invasive mammal on water quality in riparian ecosystems

et al. 2021

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Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are a highly invasive species in many regions of the world and can act as ecosystem engineers in areas where they are established. In riparian ecosystems, wild pigs may affect water quality parameters and introduce fecal bacteria, although previous studies have reported conflicting results. We propose four conditions that we believe are needed for an accurate assessment of wild pig impacts on water quality and address each one in our study. Water samples were collected between May 2018 and June 2019 in riparian watersheds on a privately owned property in Alabama that was densely populated by wild pigs (treatment) and in watersheds at a nearby national forest without an established population. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of water quality parameters, such as anions and cations, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, N, dissolved organic C, and Escherichia coli and other fecal coliforms. An additional 38 samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for swine fecal bacteroidetes. At treatment watersheds, specific conductivity and concentrations of organic N and C, SO 4 2− , and Ca 2+ were between 2 and 11 times that of reference watersheds. Escherichia coli values at treatment watersheds were 40 times reference watershed values. DNA from swine fecal bacteroidetes was detected in 70% of treatment samples and 0% of reference samples. Wild pigs are a threat to water quality in riparian areas, and our results indicate that it may be important to control populations upstream of major drinking water sources and recreational areas.

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“…The suitability of the region for elevated pathogen levels is significant. In low-order streams of the Alabama coastal forest, E. coli levels were found in to be as high as those of urban streams following storms that result in sewer overflow [90,92]. Decreases in base flow result in greater concentrations of pathogens per mL, which increases the chance of the consumption of disease-causing loads of pathogens by animals [93].…”

Section: Impacts Of Wild Pigs: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Wild Pigs: A Significant Disturbance in Coastal Forests

Bradley¹,

Lockaby²

2021

Forests

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Introduced in ~59 countries and native across Europe and Asia, wild pigs, Sus scrofa, are the most wide-spread swine species in the world. As ecosystem engineers, wild pigs are a significant source of disturbance in introduced ecosystems due to their numerous, complex impacts on ecosystem processes. Wild pigs are often found in the resource-rich habitat of coastal forests. Coastal forests are complex, dynamic systems with tremendous biodiversity. Exposed to recurrent disturbances, the biophysical characteristics of coastal forests contribute to their ability to return to their original state post-disturbance. However, compounding disturbances can weaken this ability and threaten the health and function of the ecosystem. In this review, through the model of the forests of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, we (1) describe conditions found across the forested coastal landscape, (2) describe wild pig disturbance, and (3) discuss how wild pig impacts can add to significant anthropogenic and climate-related disturbances threatening coastal forests. Through this review, we find that the impacts of wild pig disturbance on coastal forests often have similar effects as anthropogenic and climate change-related disturbances that may enhance these significant threats to coastal forest function and resiliency.

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Assessment of Fecal Coliform and Escherichia Coli Across a Land Cover Gradient in West Georgia Streams

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform within a typical complex watershed

Spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform within a typical complex watershed

Impacts of a large invasive mammal on water quality in riparian ecosystems

Invasive Wild Pigs: A Significant Disturbance in Coastal Forests

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