Assessment of fecal sterols and ketones as indicators of urban sewage inputs to coastal waters

Abstract

show an EF consistently greater than 1 was methidathion.

Assessment of historical fecal contamination in Curitiba, Brazil, in the last 400 years using fecal sterols

“…Coprostanol/coprostanol + cholestanol (Ratio 1) ratios greater than 0.7 indicate fecal contamination (Grimalt et al, 1990;Araujo et al, 2011;Furtula et al, 2012). In this study, values close to and greater than 0.7 were observed in two periods: from 1840 until 1875 and after 1980 (Fig.…”

“…In addition, several studies have developed indices or proportions between the fecal sterols to discern the possible source: human, animal, sewage treatment plant, etc. (Leeming et al, 1996;Hudson et al, 2001;Grimalt et al, 1990). These indices have been used in different types of water (lakes, oceans, rivers, water treatment and sewage plants) (Furtula et al, 2012) and different matrices worldwide (Froehner and Sanez, 2013).…”

Baseline concentrations of faecal sterols and assessment of sewage input into different inlets of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

“…Coprostanol and epicoprostanol are found in sediments contaminated by sewage because they are associated primarily with human faeces (Grimalti et al, 1990). However, faeces of marine animals, such as certain species of whales, seals and sea lions, contribute large quantities of these compounds to the Antarctic environment (Venkatesan et al, 1986;Venkatesan and Santiago, 1989;Martins et al, 2002), and this contribution can be assumed to be biogenic.…”

“…The diagnostic ratio involving coprostanol and cholestanol (5a-cholestan-3b-ol) is usually considered in the assessment of sewage contamination (Grimalti et al, 1990). For instance, values for the coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) (ratio II) higher than 0.5 and relatively high coprostanol concentrations (>0.10 lg g À1 ) indicate contamination by sewage (Leeming et al, 1998).…”

Distribution of lipid compounds in sediments from Conceição Lagoon, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil

“…Concentrations were highest at station LC3 (amounting to 1.2 µg g -1 dry sediment) and the lowest values were found at station LC5 (0.2 µg g -1 ). With respect to total n-alkanes (C 20 -C 36 ), samples showed an odd carbon number predominance with major contributions ranging from C 25 to C 33 . The highest concentrations were also detected at station LC3 (5.0 µg g -1 dry sediment) and the lowest values at station LC5 (0.4 µg g -1 dry sediment), which was nearly 10 times lower than that of station LC3.…”